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Ammonia solution, also known as ammonia water, ammonium hydroxide, ammoniacal liquor, ammonia liquor, aqua ammonia, aqueous ammonia, or (inaccurately) ammonia, is a solution of ammonia in water. It can be denoted by the symbols NH 3 (aq). Although the name ammonium hydroxide suggests a salt with the composition [NH + 4][OH −
80% or more of ammonia is used as fertilizer. Ammonia is also used for the production of plastics, fibres, explosives, nitric acid (via the Ostwald process), and intermediates for dyes and pharmaceuticals. The industry contributes 1% to 2% of global CO 2. [2] Between 18–20 Mt of the gas is transported globally each year. [3]
A large shallow container of ammonium hydroxide solution is placed on the floor of the chamber and the chamber is sealed. If the chamber is large or the fuming is to be done for a long time, more than one container may be provided, or the ammonia may be replenished during the process.
Dutch White – a pigment, formed from one part of white lead to three of barium sulfate. BaSO 4; Flowers of antimony – antimony trioxide, formed by roasting stibnite at high temperature and condensing the white fumes that form. Sb 2 O 3; Fool's gold – a mineral, iron disulfide or pyrite; can form oil of vitriol on contact with water and air.
In an aqueous solution, it can be expelled by boiling. The aqueous solution of ammonia is basic, and may be described as aqueous ammonia or ammonium hydroxide. [30] The maximum concentration of ammonia in water (a saturated solution) has a specific gravity of 0.880 and is often known as '.880 ammonia'. [31]
Ammonium chloride precipitates and is removed by filtration, and the solution is recycled to produce more sodium carbonate. Hou's process eliminates the production of calcium chloride. The byproduct ammonium chloride can be refined, used as a fertilizer and may have greater commercial value than CaCl 2, thus reducing the extent of waste beds.
This is a process diagram of a turbine generator. Engineers working to produce a sustainable process for use in the chemical industry need to know how to design a sustainable process in which the system can withstand or manipulate process-halting conditions such as heat, friction, pressure, emissions, and contaminants.
AdvanSix Inc. is an American chemical company that produces nylon 6 and related chemicals such as caprolactam and ammonium sulfate fertilizers. [2] It operated as Honeywell's Resins and Chemicals division until 2016, when it was spun off as a separate company. [3] The unit accounted for 3 percent of Honeywell's sales at the time. [4]