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P=P wave, PR=PR interval, QRS=QRS complex, QT=QT interval, ST=ST segment, T=T wave Wiggers with jugular venous waveform Wiggers diagram with mechanical (echo), electrical (ECG), and aortic pressure (catheter) waveforms, together with an in-ear dynamic pressure waveform measured using a novel infrasonic hemodynography technology, for a patient ...
Animation of a normal ECG wave Schematic representation of a normal ECG. All of the waves on an ECG tracing and the intervals between them have a predictable time duration, a range of acceptable amplitudes , and a typical morphology. Any deviation from the normal tracing is potentially pathological and therefore of clinical significance.
The term normal sinus rhythm (NSR) is sometimes used to denote a specific type of sinus rhythm where all other measurements on the ECG also fall within designated normal limits, giving rise to the characteristic appearance of the ECG when the electrical conduction system of the heart is functioning normally; however, other sinus rhythms can be ...
A wandering atrial pacemaker can be either normal or irregular in rate, much like a sinus arrhythmia the rate is normally between 60 - 100 bpm when it is normal and less than 60 when it is slow, the distinguishing feature of this rhythm is a p wave that varies in size, shape, and direction, the PR interval can either be normal or irregular ...
The definition of poor R wave progression (PRWP) varies in the literature. It may be defined, for example, as R wave of less than 2–4 mm in leads V 3 or V 4 and/or presence of a reversed R wave progression, which is defined as R in V 4 < R in V 3 or R in V 3 < R in V 2 or R in V 2 < R in V 1, or any combination of these. [11]
The cycle also correlates to key electrocardiogram tracings: the T wave (which indicates ventricular diastole); the P wave (atrial systole); and the QRS 'spikes' complex (ventricular systole)—all shown as color purple-in-black segments. [1] [2] The Cardiac Cycle: Valve Positions, Blood Flow, and ECG The parts of a QRS complex and
Methods used to detect beats include ECG, blood pressure, ballistocardiograms, [2] [3] and the pulse wave signal derived from a photoplethysmograph (PPG). ECG is considered the gold standard for HRV measurement [ 4 ] because it provides a direct reflection of cardiac electric activity.
Impedance cardiography (ICG) is a non-invasive technology measuring total electrical conductivity of the thorax and its changes in time to process continuously a number of cardiodynamic parameters, such as stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), ventricular ejection time (VET), pre-ejection period and used to detect the impedance changes caused by a high-frequency, low ...