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The vestibular nerve is one of the two branches of the vestibulocochlear nerve (the cochlear nerve being the other). In humans the vestibular nerve transmits sensory information from vestibular hair cells located in the two otolith organs (the utricle and the saccule ) and the three semicircular canals via the vestibular ganglion of Scarpa .
In addition, the vestibular system's function can be affected by tumours on the vestibulocochlear nerve, an infarct in the brain stem or in cortical regions related to the processing of vestibular signals, and cerebellar atrophy. When the vestibular system and the visual system deliver incongruous results, nausea often occurs.
Vertigo that is caused by problems with the inner ear or vestibular system, which is composed of the semicircular canals, the vestibule (utricle and saccule), and the vestibular nerve is called "peripheral", "otologic", or "vestibular" vertigo.
Also, lesions to the tract impair ascending efferent fiber signaling, which led to nystagmus. [12] [13] There has also been recent research to determine if there is a difference in vestibulospinal function when there is damage to the superior vestibular nerve as opposed to the inferior vestibular nerve and vice versa.
medial vestibular nucleus (dorsal or chief vestibular nucleus) medulla (floor of fourth ventricle) corresponding to the lower part of the area acustica in the rhomboid fossa; [citation needed] the caudal end of this nucleus is sometimes termed the descending or spinal vestibular nucleus. This nucleus is sometimes termed the nucleus of Schwalbe.
Unilateral lesions of the PPRF produce characteristic findings: Loss of horizontal saccades directed towards the side of the lesion, no matter the current position of gaze; Contralateral gaze deviation (acute lesions, such as early stroke, only) Gaze-evoked lateral nystagmus on looking away from the side of the lesion
Vestibular cortex is the portion of the cerebrum which responds to input from the vestibular system. [1] The location is not well defined, but some research indicates a right hemisphere dominance. [2] Lesions of the vestibular nucleus impair function. [3]
This diagram linearly (unless otherwise mentioned) tracks the projections of all known structures that allow for balance and acceleration to their relevant endpoints in the human brain. Another diagram showing neural pathway of vestibular/balance system. Arrows show the direction of information relay.