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  2. Urn problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urn_problem

    In probability and statistics, an urn problem is an idealized mental exercise in which some objects of real interest (such as atoms, people, cars, etc.) are represented as colored balls in an urn or other container. One pretends to remove one or more balls from the urn; the goal is to determine the probability of drawing one color or another ...

  3. Problem of points - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_points

    The problem of points, also called the problem of division of the stakes, is a classical problem in probability theory.One of the famous problems that motivated the beginnings of modern probability theory in the 17th century, it led Blaise Pascal to the first explicit reasoning about what today is known as an expected value.

  4. Birthday problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthday_problem

    Comparing p(n) = probability of a birthday match with q(n) = probability of matching your birthday. In the birthday problem, neither of the two people is chosen in advance. By contrast, the probability q(n) that at least one other person in a room of n other people has the same birthday as a particular person (for example, you) is given by

  5. Ambiguity aversion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambiguity_aversion

    Risk aversion comes from a situation where a probability can be assigned to each possible outcome of a situation and it is defined by the preference between a risky alternative and its expected value. Ambiguity aversion applies to a situation when the probabilities of outcomes are unknown (Epstein 1999) and it is defined through the preference ...

  6. List of probabilistic proofs of non-probabilistic theorems

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_probabilistic...

    Probability theory routinely uses results from other fields of mathematics (mostly, analysis). The opposite cases, collected below, are relatively rare; however, probability theory is used systematically in combinatorics via the probabilistic method. They are particularly used for non-constructive proofs.

  7. Bernoulli trial - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernoulli_trial

    Graphs of probability P of not observing independent events each of probability p after n Bernoulli trials vs np for various p.Three examples are shown: Blue curve: Throwing a 6-sided die 6 times gives a 33.5% chance that 6 (or any other given number) never turns up; it can be observed that as n increases, the probability of a 1/n-chance event never appearing after n tries rapidly converges to 0.

  8. Puzzle solutions for Friday, Nov. 22, 2024

    www.aol.com/news/puzzle-solutions-friday-nov-22...

    Note: Most subscribers have some, but not all, of the puzzles that correspond to the following set of solutions for their local newspaper. CROSSWORDS

  9. Lewis's triviality result - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis's_triviality_result

    Lewis (1976) pointed out a seemingly fatal problem with the above proposal: assuming a nontrivial set of events, the new, restricted class of -functions will not be closed under conditioning, the operation that turns probability function into new function () = (), predicated on event 's occurrence.

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