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Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), also known as neonatal aspiration of meconium, is a medical condition affecting newborn infants. It describes the spectrum of disorders and pathophysiology of newborns born in meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) and have meconium within their lungs.
The syndrome develops in about 20% of human pregnancies continuing past the expected delivery date. [3] Features of post-maturity syndrome include oligohydramnios (a deficiency of amniotic fluid); [4] meconium aspiration (breathing meconium in the amniotic fluid); and macrosomia (being overly large).
779.5 Drug withdrawal syndrome in newborn; 779.6 Termination of pregnancy (fetus) 779.7 Preventricular leukomalacia; 779.8 Other specified conditions originating in the perinatal period. 779.81 Neonatal bradycardia; 779.82 Neonatal tachycardia; 779.83 Delayed separation of umbilical cord; 779.84 Meconium staining; 779.85 Cardiac arrest of newborn
It is associated with complications such as cord compression, abnormal heart rate, fetal acidosis, and meconium amniotic fluid. [10] Meconium aspiration syndrome – Respiratory compromise secondary to meconium present in infant's lungs. [11] Macrosomia – Excessive birth weight, estimated fetal weight of ≥ 4.5 kg.
It is characterized by changes in fetal movement, growth, heart rate, and presence of meconium stained fluid. [4] Risk factors for fetal distress/non-reassuring fetal status include anemia, restriction of fetal growth, maternal hypertension or cardiovascular disease, low amniotic fluid or meconium in the amniotic fluid, or a post-term pregnancy.
Perinatal asphyxia (also known as neonatal asphyxia or birth asphyxia) is the medical condition resulting from deprivation of oxygen to a newborn infant that lasts long enough during the birth process to cause physical harm, usually to the brain.
Meconium is a sticky substance that usually makes up the child's first bowel movement. If the fetus is stressed before or during delivery, the meconium may be released and may mix with the amniotic fluid. If it gets into the child's airways or lungs, it can cause meconium aspiration syndrome. Serious cases may result in pneumonia or a collapsed ...
Lucinactant is listed as an Orphan Drug Product by the US Food and Drug Administration for several conditions: [9] [10] 07-30-1996 Treatment of meconium aspiration syndrome in newborn infants; 07-17-1995 Treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults. 05-23-2006 Prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants