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The horse hoof contains a structural component known as the "frog", which covers the deeper structure of the hoof known as the digital cushion, a vessel-filled tissue.When the horse places weight on a leg, the ground pushes upward on the frog, compressing it and the underlying digital cushion.
The frog also acts like a pump to move the blood back to the heart, a great distance from the relatively thin leg to the main organ of the circulatory system. [citation needed] In the stabled horse, the frog does not wear but degrades, due to bacterial and fungal activity, to an irregular, soft, slashed surface.
A lymph heart is an organ which pumps lymph in lungfishes, amphibians, reptiles, and flightless birds back into the circulatory system. [1] [2] In some amphibian species, lymph hearts are in pairs, and may number as many as 200 in one animal the size of a worm, while newts and salamanders have as many as 16 to 23 pairs of lymph hearts.
Warty frog species tend to be called toads, but the distinction between frogs and toads is informal, not from taxonomy or evolutionary history. An adult frog has a stout body, protruding eyes, anteriorly-attached tongue, limbs folded underneath, and no tail (the tail of tailed frogs is an extension of the male cloaca
Date: May 2009: Source: Did myself based in the information and diagrams found in: "gray's anatomy" thirty sixth edition by Williams & Warwick. "Sobotta Atlas der Anatomie des menschen" volume 1 and 2 18.Auflage by Urban & Schwarzenberg
The spring peeper is a tan or brown frog with a dark cross on its dorsa (thus the Latin name crucifer, meaning cross-bearer [7]), though sometimes the marking may be indistinct. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] Dark lines can also be found between the eyes and in a crossband on the hindlimbs of P. crucifer . [ 10 ]
The smallest amphibian (and vertebrate) in the world is a frog from New Guinea (Paedophryne amauensis) with a length of just 7.7 mm (0.30 in). The largest living amphibian is the 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) South China giant salamander ( Andrias sligoi ), but this is dwarfed by prehistoric temnospondyls such as Mastodonsaurus which could reach up to 6 m ...
Diagram showing the circulatory system of the body The circulatory system consists of the heart and blood vessels ( arteries , veins and capillaries ). The heart propels the circulation of the blood, which serves as a "transportation system" to transfer oxygen , fuel, nutrients, waste products, immune cells and signaling molecules (i.e ...