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  2. Two's complement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two's_complement

    Two's complement is the most common method of representing signed (positive, negative, and zero) integers on computers, [1] and more generally, fixed point binary values. Two's complement uses the binary digit with the greatest value as the sign to indicate whether the binary number is positive or negative; when the most significant bit is 1 the number is signed as negative and when the most ...

  3. Atmel AVR instruction set - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmel_AVR_instruction_set

    V Overflow flag. Set in case of two's complement overflow. S Sign flag. Unique to AVR, this is always N⊕V, and shows the true sign of a comparison. H Half-carry flag. This is an internal carry from additions and is used to support BCD arithmetic. T Bit copy. Special bit load and bit store instructions use this bit. I Interrupt flag. Set when ...

  4. Overflow flag - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overflow_flag

    An example, suppose we add 127 and 127 using 8-bit registers. 127+127 is 254, but using 8-bit arithmetic the result would be 1111 1110 binary, which is the two's complement encoding of −2, a negative number. A negative sum of positive operands (or vice versa) is an overflow.

  5. Signed number representations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signed_number_representations

    Addition of a pair of two's-complement integers is the same as addition of a pair of unsigned numbers (except for detection of overflow, if that is done); the same is true for subtraction and even for N lowest significant bits of a product (value of multiplication). For instance, a two's-complement addition of 127 and −128 gives the same ...

  6. Arithmetic logic unit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic_logic_unit

    Arithmetic shift: the operand is treated as a two's complement integer, meaning that the most significant bit is a "sign" bit and is preserved. Logical shift: a logic zero is shifted into the operand. This is used to shift unsigned integers.

  7. Method of complements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method_of_complements

    Indeed, two's complement is used in most modern computers to represent signed numbers. Complement the result if there is no carry out of the most significant digit (an indication that x was less than y). This is easier to implement with digital circuits than comparing and swapping the operands. But since taking the radix complement requires ...

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  9. Fixed-point arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed-point_arithmetic

    In the Ada programming language, a numeric data type can be specified by, for example, type F is delta 0.01 range-100.0.. 100.0, meaning a fixed-point representation consisting of a signed binary integer in two's complement format with 7 implied fraction bits (providing a scaling factor 1/128) and at least 15 bits total (ensuring an actual ...