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Mydriasis can be induced via modulation of adrenergic or cholinergic signalling. Drugs that can cause mydriasis include: Stimulants (typically monoaminergics) such as amphetamines, cocaine, MDMA, and mephedrone. Anticholinergics such as diphenhydramine, atropine, hyoscyamine, and scopolamine antagonize the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in
Most drugs with parasympatholytic properties are anticholinergics. Parasympatholytic agents and sympathomimetic agents have similar effects to each other, although some differences between the two groups can be observed. For example, both cause mydriasis, but parasympatholytics reduce accommodation (cycloplegia), whereas sympathomimetics do not.
Anticholinergics (anticholinergic agents) are substances that block the action of the acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter at synapses in the central and peripheral nervous system. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] These agents inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system by selectively blocking the binding of ACh to its receptor in nerve cells .
A human adult exhibiting voluntary control over his iris muscles, where he can cause his pupil to dilate and constrict on command A dilation response ( mydriasis ), is the widening of the pupil and may be caused by adrenaline ; anticholinergic agents; stimulant drugs such as MDMA , cocaine , and amphetamines ; and some hallucinogenics (e.g. LSD ...
"Given all the research evidence, physicians might want to consider alternatives to anticholinergic medications, if available, when working with older patients," a researcher told CNN.
Topical atropine is used as a cycloplegic, to temporarily paralyze the accommodation reflex, and as a mydriatic, to dilate the pupils. [15] Atropine degrades slowly, typically wearing off in 7 to 14 days, so it is generally used as a therapeutic mydriatic, whereas tropicamide (a shorter-acting cholinergic antagonist) or phenylephrine (an α-adrenergic agonist) is preferred as an aid to ...
Another possible cause of nocturia is an overactive bladder, a common condition in both men and women, the experts note. "The bladder is a big muscle, so when it contracts, you have that urgency ...
Because of that, extra caution should be taken when prescribing cyclopentolate to patients who are already taking other anticholinergic drugs. A possible ocular ( eye -related) side effect is increase in pressure inside the eye, which is of particular concern when there is a predisposition toward or a presence of glaucoma .