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2. Disc herniation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_herniation

   Disc herniation can occur in any disc in the spine, but the two most common forms are lumbar disc herniation and cervical disc herniation. The former is the most common, causing low back pain (lumbago) and often leg pain as well, in which case it is commonly referred to as sciatica .

3. Degenerative disc disease - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degenerative_disc_disease

   There is a disc between each of the vertebrae in the spine. A healthy, well-hydrated disc will contain a great deal of water in its center, known as the nucleus pulposus, which provides cushioning and flexibility for the spine. Much of the mechanical stress that is caused by everyday movements is transferred to the discs within the spine and ...

4. Total disc replacement - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_Disc_Replacement

   Total disc replacement (TDR), or artificial disc replacement (ADR), is a type of arthroplasty in which degenerated intervertebral discs in the vertebral column are replaced with artificial disc implants in the lumbar (lower) or cervical (upper) spine.

5. Lumbar disc disease - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbar_disc_disease

   Lumbar disc disease is the drying out of the spongy interior matrix of an intervertebral disc in the spine. Many physicians and patients use the term lumbar disc disease to encompass several different causes of back pain or sciatica. In this article, the term is used to describe a lumbar herniated disc.

6. Spondylolisthesis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spondylolisthesis

   Spondylolisthesis is when one spinal vertebra slips out of place compared to another. [1] While some medical dictionaries define spondylolisthesis specifically as the forward or anterior displacement of a vertebra over the vertebra inferior to it (or the sacrum), [2] [3] it is often defined in medical textbooks as displacement in any direction.

7. Back injury - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_injury

   Type C injuries are those associated with damage to both anterior and posterior aspects of the vertebral column resulting in displacement of the disconnected segments in any direction. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] This classification system can be used to classify injury to the cervical , thoracolumbar , and sacral regions of the spinal column.

8. Low back pain - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_back_pain

   As a result, there is less space through which the spinal cord and nerve roots may pass. [30] When a disc degenerates as a result of injury or disease, the makeup of a disc changes: blood vessels and nerves may grow into its interior and/or herniated disc material can push directly on a nerve root. [39] Any of these changes may result in back ...

9. Failed back syndrome - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_back_syndrome

   CT scan image of large herniated disc in the lumbar spine. Removal of a disc at one level can lead to disc herniation at a different level at a later time. Even the most complete surgical excision of the disc still leaves 30–40% of the disc, which cannot be safely removed. This retained disc can re-herniate sometime after surgery.