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Sourdough starter. In food processing, fermentation is the conversion of carbohydrates to alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms—yeasts or bacteria—without an oxidizing agent being used in the reaction. Fermentation usually implies that the action of microorganisms is desired. The science of fermentation is known as zymology or zymurgy.
The bacteria also produce compounds that give yogurt its distinctive flavor. An additional effect of the lowered pH is the incompatibility of the acidic environment with many other types of harmful bacteria. [10] [18] For a probiotic yogurt, additional types of bacteria such as Lactobacillus acidophilus are also added to the culture. [18]
In fact, yogurt and cheese that contain live cultures of S. thermophilus are thought to be beneficial to health. [ 11 ] [ better source needed ] Live cultures of S. thermophilus make it easier for people who are lactose-intolerant to digest dairy products.
Both species produce lactic acid, [8] which gives yogurt its tart flavor and acts as a preservative. The resulting decrease in pH also partially coagulates the milk proteins, such as casein, resulting in yogurt's thickness. [9] [10] While fermenting milk, L. d. bulgaricus produces acetaldehyde, one of the main yogurt aroma components. [10]
An example of fermented milk, a dairy product L. acidophilus is commonly added to for probiotic effects. As stated in a journal from the American Dairy Science Association, "Lactobacillus acidophilus is a commercial strain and probiotic that is widely used in the dairy industry to obtain high-quality fermentation products."
Per ⅔ cup serving (170 grams): 200 calories, 8 g fat (5 g sat fat), 105 mg sodium, 25 g carbs (0 g fiber, 23 g sugar), 7 g protein. Yogurt is an incredibly healthful and beneficial food with its ...
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