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  2. Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brønsted–Lowry_acid...

    With an acid, HA, the equation can be written symbolically as: + + + The equilibrium sign, ⇌, is used because the reaction can occur in both forward and backward directions (is reversible). The acid, HA, is a proton donor which can lose a proton to become its conjugate base, A −.

  3. Davenport diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davenport_diagram

    Recall that the relationship represented in a Davenport diagram is a relationship between three variables: P CO 2, bicarbonate concentration and pH.Thus, Fig. 7 can be thought of as a topographical map—that is, a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional surface—where each isopleth indicates a different partial pressure or “altitude.”

  4. Chloride shift - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride_shift

    Chloride shift (also known as the Hamburger phenomenon or lineas phenomenon, named after Hartog Jakob Hamburger) is a process which occurs in a cardiovascular system and refers to the exchange of bicarbonate (HCO 3 −) and chloride (Cl −) across the membrane of red blood cells (RBCs).

  5. Arrow pushing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow_pushing

    Arrow pushing or electron pushing is a technique used to describe the progression of organic chemistry reaction mechanisms. [1] It was first developed by Sir Robert Robinson.In using arrow pushing, "curved arrows" or "curly arrows" are drawn on the structural formulae of reactants in a chemical equation to show the reaction mechanism.

  6. Transition state theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_state_theory

    By modeling reactions as Langevin motion along a one dimensional reaction coordinate, Hendrik Kramers was able to derive a relationship between the shape of the potential energy surface along the reaction coordinate and the transition rates of the system. The formulation relies on approximating the potential energy landscape as a series of ...

  7. Energy profile (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_profile_(chemistry)

    Figure 13 shows the catalyzed pathway occurring in multiple steps which is a more realistic depiction of a catalyzed process. The new catalyzed pathway can occur through the same mechanism as the uncatalyzed reaction or through an alternate mechanism. [4] An enzyme is a biological catalyst that increases the rate for many vital biochemical ...

  8. The best gifts for all kinds of dads in 2024 - AOL

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/best-gifts-dads-195639570.html

    Dads tend to have the most fun hobbies — fishing, golfing, bird watching, and, if you're my father-in-law, storytelling.He tends to be an incredibly fun person to shop for this time of year, but ...

  9. Acid catalysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_catalysis

    In acid catalysis and base catalysis, a chemical reaction is catalyzed by an acid or a base. By Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, the acid is the proton (hydrogen ion, H +) donor and the base is the proton acceptor. Typical reactions catalyzed by proton transfer are esterifications and aldol reactions.