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There are more complex chemical compounds, the structure of which can only be explained using modern quantum chemical methods, for example, cluster technetium chloride [(CH 3) 4 N] 3 [Tc 6 Cl 14], in which 6 of the 14 chlorine atoms are formally divalent, and oxidation states are fractional.
Molecular weight (M.W.) (for molecular compounds) and formula weight (F.W.) (for non-molecular compounds), are older terms for what is now more correctly called the relative molar mass (M r). [8] This is a dimensionless quantity (i.e., a pure number, without units) equal to the molar mass divided by the molar mass constant .
Values can be higher than 100% because hypochlorite ion has a molecular weight of 51.45 g/mol, whereas dichlorine Cl 2 has a molecular weight of 70.90 g/mol. Dichlorine has a reference bleaching potential of 100% for its molecular weight. Hypochlorite (ClO) also has a molecule-to-molecule bleaching potential the same as dichlorine.
Chloride is also a useful and reliable chemical indicator of river and groundwater fecal contamination, as chloride is a non-reactive solute and ubiquitous to sewage and potable water. Many water regulating companies around the world utilize chloride to check the contamination levels of the rivers and potable water sources. [24]
The molecular mass and relative molecular mass are distinct from but related to the molar mass. The molar mass is defined as the mass of a given substance divided by the amount of the substance , and is expressed in grams per mol (g/mol).
Hydrogen chloride can protonate molecules or ions and can also serve as an acid-catalyst for chemical reactions where anhydrous (water-free) conditions are desired. Because of its acidic nature, hydrogen chloride is a corrosive substance , particularly in the presence of moisture.
There are two stable isotopes, 35 Cl (75.8%) and 37 Cl (24.2%), giving chlorine a standard atomic weight of 35.45. The longest-lived radioactive isotope is 36 Cl, which has a half-life of 301,000 years. All other isotopes have half-lives under 1 hour, many less than one second.
Dichlorine monoxide is an inorganic compound with the molecular formula Cl 2 O. It was first synthesised in 1834 by Antoine Jérôme Balard, [2] who along with Gay-Lussac also determined its composition. In older literature it is often referred to as chlorine monoxide, [3] which can be a source of confusion as that name now refers to the ClO ...