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  2. Gemstone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone

    The traditional classification in the West, which goes back to the ancient Greeks, begins with a distinction between precious and semi-precious; similar distinctions are made in other cultures. In modern use, the precious stones are emerald, ruby, sapphire and diamond, with all other gemstones being semi-precious. [9]

  3. List of gemstones by species - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gemstones_by_species

    This is a list of gemstones, organized by species and types. Minerals. There are over 300 types of minerals that have been used as gemstones. Such as: A–B

  4. Cubic zirconia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic_zirconia

    Cubic zirconia is relatively hard, 8–8.5 on the Mohs scale—slightly harder than most semi-precious natural gems. [1] Its refractive index is high at 2.15–2.18 (compared to 2.42 for diamonds) and its luster is Adamantine lustre. Its dispersion is very high at 0.058–0.066, exceeding that of diamond (0.044).

  5. Lapis lazuli - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapis_Lazuli

    Lapis lazuli (UK: / ˌ l æ p ɪ s ˈ l æ z (j) ʊ l i, ˈ l æ ʒ ʊ-,-ˌ l i /; US: / ˈ l æ z (j) ə l i, ˈ l æ ʒ ə-,-ˌ l i /), or lapis for short, is a deep-blue metamorphic rock used as a semi-precious stone that has been prized since antiquity for its intense color.

  6. Quartz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz

    While jade has been since earliest times the most prized semi-precious stone for carving in East Asia and Pre-Columbian America, in Europe and the Middle East the different varieties of quartz were the most commonly used for the various types of jewelry and hardstone carving, including engraved gems and cameo gems, rock crystal vases, and ...

  7. Blue John (mineral) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_John_(mineral)

    Blue John (also known as Derbyshire Spar) is a semi-precious mineral, a rare form of fluorite with bands of a purple-blue or yellowish colour. In the United Kingdom it is found only at Blue John Cavern and Treak Cliff Cavern at Castleton in Derbyshire. During the 19th century, it was mined for its ornamental value, and mining continues on a ...

  8. Hardstone carving - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardstone_carving

    Hardstone carving, in art history and archaeology, is the artistic carving of semi-precious stones (and sometimes gemstones), such as jade, rock crystal (clear quartz), agate, onyx, jasper, serpentinite, or carnelian, and for objects made in this way. [1] [2] Normally the objects are small, and the category overlaps with both jewellery and ...

  9. Zircon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zircon

    A pale blue zircon gemstone weighing 3.36 carats This bracelet has zircon gemstones. The metal is zinc alloy base with silver coating. The metal is zinc alloy base with silver coating. Transparent zircon is a well-known form of semi-precious gemstone , favored for its high specific gravity (between 4.2 and 4.86) and adamantine luster .

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