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The general definition of a qubit as the quantum state of a two-level quantum system.In quantum computing, a qubit (/ ˈ k juː b ɪ t /) or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information—the quantum version of the classic binary bit physically realized with a two-state device.
A logical qubit specifies how a single qubit should behave in a quantum algorithm, subject to quantum logic operations which can be built out of quantum logic gates. However, issues in current technologies preclude single two-state quantum systems , which can be used as physical qubits, from reliably encoding and retaining this information for ...
An example is a qubit used in quantum information processing. A qubit state is most generally a superposition of the basis states | 0 {\displaystyle |0\rangle } and | 1 {\displaystyle |1\rangle } :
The most well-known example of a problem that allows for a polynomial quantum speedup is unstructured search, which involves finding a marked item out of a list of items in a database. This can be solved by Grover's algorithm using O ( n ) {\displaystyle O({\sqrt {n}})} queries to the database, quadratically fewer than the Ω ( n ...
Qubit is somewhat analogous to the bit in classical computation. Qubits can be in a 1 or 0 quantum state , or they can be in a superposition of the 1 and 0 states. However, when qubits are measured, the result of the measurement is always either a 0 or a 1; the probabilities of these two outcomes depend on the quantum state that the qubits were ...
Examples: The quantum state vector of a 5-qubit register is a unit vector in =. A ... List of proposed quantum registers; Quantum circuit;
Time-bin encoding is a technique used in quantum information science to encode a qubit of information on a photon. Quantum information science makes use of qubits as a basic resource similar to bits in classical computing. Qubits are any two-level quantum mechanical system; there are many different physical implementations of qubits, one of ...
Example: The qubit is measured, and the result of this measurement is a Boolean value, which is consumed by the classical computer. If ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } measures to 1, then the classical computer tells the quantum computer to apply the U gate on ψ {\displaystyle \psi } .