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Nontheism or non-theism is a range of both religious [1] and non-religious [2] attitudes characterized by the absence of espoused belief in the existence of God or gods. Nontheism has generally been used to describe apathy or silence towards the subject of gods and differs from atheism , or active disbelief in any gods.
The approach taken varies between Christian denominations, and Christian ministers may intelligently distinguish an individual's claims of atheism from other nominal states of personal perspective, such as plain disbelief, an adherence to science, a misunderstanding of the nature of religious belief, or a disdain for organized religion in general.
Irreligion is the absence or rejection of religious beliefs or practices.It encompasses a wide range of viewpoints drawn from various philosophical and intellectual perspectives, including atheism, agnosticism, religious skepticism, rationalism, secularism, and non-religious spirituality.
[citation needed] For example, the WIN/GIA numbers from China were overestimated which in turn inflated global totals. [9] [citation needed] The Zuckerman data on the table below only reflect the number of people who have an absence of belief in a deity only (atheists, agnostics).
Historically, the words religious and spiritual have been used synonymously to describe all the various aspects of the concept of religion. [1] However, religion is a highly contested term with scholars such as Russell McCutcheon arguing that the term "religion" is used as a way to name a "seemingly distinct domain of diverse items of human activity and production". [6]
Also called "strong atheism". Explicit atheism – "the absence of theistic belief due to a conscious rejection of it". [9] Negative atheism – refers to any type of non-theism other than positive atheism, wherein a person does not believe in the existence of any deity, but without asserting there to be none. [8] Also called "weak atheism".
Agnostic theism is the philosophical view that encompasses both theism and agnosticism.An agnostic theist believes in the existence of one or more gods, but regards the basis of this proposition as unknown or inherently unknowable.
Distribution of atheists, agnostics, and freethinkers in Nobel Prizes between 1901-2000. [1]This list of nonreligious Nobel laureates comprises laureates of the Nobel Prize who have self-identified as atheist, agnostic, freethinker, or otherwise nonreligious at some point in their lives.