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2. Plying - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plying

   Diagram showing S and Z twist. There are two common ways to ply a balanced yarn: regular and chain plying. Both methods involve the manipulation of "singles"—unplied strands on their own—into multiple-ply yarns by applying twist in the opposite direction than how the single was spun. For example, if in spinning the single the wheel was spinning clockwise (called a "Z" twist, as on any ...

3. Spinning (textiles) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)

   Spinning is a twisting technique to form yarn from fibers.The fiber intended is drawn out, twisted, and wound onto a bobbin.A few popular fibers that are spun into yarn other than cotton, which is the most popular, are viscose (the most common form of rayon), animal fibers such as wool, and synthetic polyester. [1]

4. Yarn - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarn

   Yarn is selected for different textiles based on the characteristics of the yarn fibres, such as warmth (wool), light weight (cotton or rayon), durability (nylon is added to sock yarn, for example), or softness (cashmere, alpaca). Yarn is composed of twisted strands of fiber, which are known as plies when grouped together. [19]

5. Doubling (textiles) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doubling_(textiles)

   Doubling of yarn where two or more stands or ends of yarn are twisted together. There are many purposes where doubled yarn is used. Sometimes thread is doubled to make warp, and it is invariably used for the manufacture of knitting yarn, crochet yarn and sewing yarn. All these yarns must be smooth and free from knots.

6. Twist per inch - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twist_per_inch

   Filling or weft yarns usually have fewer twists per inch because strength is not as important as with warp yarns, and highly twisted yarns are, in general, stronger. Warp yarns have to be stronger so that they can withstand the tension of the loom. Filament fibers, such as silk, or many synthetics, need only be twisted slightly to create a yarn.

7. Twined knitting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twined_knitting

   S-twisted and Z-plied yarns become excessively twisted when knitting in this technique, complicating the untwisting of the two strands of yarn. The excessive twist can cause the right side of the fabric to develop a horizontally ridged surface. Z-twisted and S-plied yarns will instead untwist when knitting in this technique.