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Top: An ancestral gene duplication produces two paralogs (histone H1.1 and 1.2). A speciation event produces orthologs in the two daughter species (human and chimpanzee). Bottom: in a separate species , a gene has a similar function (histone-like nucleoid-structuring protein) but has a separate evolutionary origin and so is an analog.
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 also known as CDK1 or cell division cycle protein 2 homolog is a highly conserved protein that functions as a serine/threonine protein kinase, and is a key player in cell cycle regulation. [5]
Homology was noticed by Aristotle (c. 350 BC), [1] and was explicitly analysed by Pierre Belon in his 1555 Book of Birds, where he systematically compared the skeletons of birds and humans. The pattern of similarity was interpreted as part of the static great chain of being through the mediaeval and early modern periods: it was not then seen as ...
The eukaryotic cell cycle consists of four distinct phases: G 1 phase, S phase (synthesis), G 2 phase (collectively known as interphase) and M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis). M phase is itself composed of two tightly coupled processes: mitosis, in which the cell's nucleus divides, and cytokinesis, in which the cell's cytoplasm and cell membrane divides forming two daughter cells.
Colors in the human chromosomes indicate regions homologous with parts of the mouse chromosome of the same color. For instance, sequences homologous to mouse chromosome 1 are primarily on human chromosomes 1 and 2, but also 6, 8, and 18. The X chromosome is almost completely syntenic in both species. [1]
Double-stranded RNA-binding protein Staufen homolog 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STAU1 gene. [5] [6] [7]Staufen is a member of the family of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-binding proteins involved in the transport and/or localization of mRNAs to different subcellular compartments and/or organelles.
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The paralogs of EVA1C are EVA1A (Eva-1 Homolog A) and EVA1B (Eva-1 Homolog B). [17] [18] The thorny skate (Amblyraja radiata) was found to be the most distant ortholog in EVA1A, EVA1B, and EVA1C. [14] [19] [20] The divergence time of humans and the thorny skate is 464 million years ago. [16]