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Sustained release's definition is more akin to a "controlled release" rather than "sustained". Extended-release dosage consists of either sustained-release (SR) or controlled-release (CR) dosage. SR maintains drug release over a sustained period but not at a constant rate. CR maintains drug release over a sustained period at a nearly constant ...
Endogenous chemical stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems are important in the field of drug delivery because of their ability to harness chemical phenomena within the body to overcome traditional therapeutic release limitations such as temporal release and tissue permeability. These drug delivery systems can be applied both as diagnostic ...
Controlled or modified-release formulations alter the rate and timing at which a drug is liberated, in order to produce adequate or sustained drug concentrations. [28] The first controlled-release (CR) formulation that was developed was Dexedrine in the 1950s. [13]
The first drug delivery system is often dated to the 1950s, when Smith Kline & French Laboratories introduced the Spansule technology. [2] Between 1950s and 1980s, there were four drug release systems developed for oral and transdermal applications: dissolution, diffusion, osmosis, and ion-exchange controlled release. [3]
In other sustained release formulations the matrix swells to form a gel through which the drug exits. Another method by which sustained release is achieved is through an osmotic controlled-release oral delivery system, where the active compound is encased in a water-permeable membrane with a laser drilled hole at one end. As water passes ...
Tablets for oral consumption of medication have been utilized since approximately 1500 B.C.; [7] however, for a long time the only method of drug release was immediate release, meaning all of the medication is released in the body at once. [8] In the 1950s, sustained release technology was developed.
The drug is expelled via the laser-drilled hole visible on the left side of the tablet. The osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system (OROS) is an advanced controlled release oral drug delivery system in the form of a rigid tablet with a semi-permeable outer membrane and one or more small laser drilled holes in it.
Nanoparticle drug delivery systems are engineered technologies that use nanoparticles for the targeted delivery and controlled release of therapeutic agents. The modern form of a drug delivery system should minimize side-effects and reduce both dosage and dosage frequency. Recently, nanoparticles have aroused attention due to their potential ...