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This loss of soil structure causes it to lose its strength (the ability to transfer shear stress), and it may be observed to flow like a liquid (hence 'liquefaction'). Although the effects of soil liquefaction have been long understood, engineers took more notice after the 1964 Alaska earthquake and 1964 Niigata earthquake.
Coseismic liquefaction induced by one of the 2012 Emilia, Northern Italy, earthquakes. Secondary effects: mostly this is the intensity of the ground shaking (e.g., landslides, liquefaction, etc.). The importance of a tool to measure earthquake Intensity was already outlined early in the 1990s. [2]
Numerous geological sites have been investigated by various researchers for weak earthquakes as well as for strong ones (cf synthesis [1]). In the latter case, it is necessary to account for the nonlinear behavior of the soil under large loading [14] or even the soil liquefaction which may lead to the soil failure.
Soil liquefaction may occur in partially saturated soil when it is shaken by an earthquake or similar forces. The movement combined with an increase in pore pressure (of groundwater) leads to the loss of particle cohesion , causing buildings or other objects on that surface to sink.
Earthquakes result in various effects, such as ground shaking and soil liquefaction, leading to significant damage and loss of life. When the epicenter of a large earthquake is located offshore, the seabed may be displaced sufficiently to cause a tsunami. Earthquakes can trigger landslides.
Strong earthquakes can lead to damage, tsunami warnings and more. People can also be injured or killed by damage caused by a quake. Here's what to know about earthquake activity and what causes ...
The term ground failure is a general reference to landslides, liquefaction, lateral spreads, and any other consequence of shaking that affects the stability of the ground. This usually takes place as an after-effect of an earthquake, and is one of the major causes of destruction after an earthquake. Ground failures tend to happen almost every ...
But pumping CO2 into the ground could exacerbate earthquakes and well blowouts already happening in the Permian Basin as Texas struggles to manage wastewater disposal, potentially undermining ...