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Potassium nitrate/magnesium flash powder should be mixed and used immediately and not stored due to its tendency of self-ignition. If magnesium is not a very fine powder, it can be passivated with linseed oil or potassium dichromate. The passivated magnesium flash powder is stable and generally safe to store. 2 KNO 3 + 5 Mg → K 2 O + N 2 + 5 MgO
Potassium perchlorate in crystal form. Potassium perchlorate is prepared industrially by treating an aqueous solution of sodium perchlorate with potassium chloride.This single precipitation reaction exploits the low solubility of KClO 4, which is about 1/100 as much as the solubility of NaClO 4 (209.6 g/100 mL at 25 °C).
In contact with potassium nitrate (e.g. in black powder) produces potassium perchlorate and hygroscopic ammonium nitrate; no such reaction with sodium nitrate. Reacts with potassium chlorate, producing unstable, gradually decomposing ammonium chlorate; such combination has to be avoided. [1] Nitronium perchlorate
With further heating, potassium perchlorate decomposes to potassium chloride and oxygen: KClO 4 → KCl + 2 O 2. The safe performance of this reaction requires very pure reagents and careful temperature control. Molten potassium chlorate is an extremely powerful oxidizer and spontaneously reacts with many common materials such as sugar.
One of the most common initiators is ZPP, or zirconium – potassium perchlorate – a mixture of metallic zirconium and potassium perchlorate. This mixture is used in the NASA Standard Initiator , [ 2 ] which is used to ignite various pyrotechnic systems, including the NASA standard detonator . [ 3 ]
The key reaction is: [8] 2 NaClO 3 → 2 NaCl + 3 O 2. Potassium and lithium chlorate, and sodium, potassium and lithium perchlorates can also be used in oxygen candles. In the Vika oxygen generator used on some spacecraft, lithium perchlorate is the source of oxygen. At 400 °C (750 °F), it releases 60% of its weight as oxygen: [9]
Potassium: Potassium nitrate, potassium chlorate, and potassium perchlorate are common oxidizers. The potassium content imparts a faint violet color to the sparks. Mg: Magnesium: Magnesium metal burns a very bright white, so it is used to add white sparks or improve the overall brilliance of a firework. Na: Sodium
Smoke with a suitable composition can be used as a fire suppression agent.A pyrotechnic composition similar to black powder, composed of 15% charcoal and 85% potassium nitrate, generates thick smoke composed of particles of mainly potassium carbonate, which has fire extinguishing properties.