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The Good–Toulmin (GT) estimator was developed by Good and Toulmin in 1953. [4] The estimate of the unseen species based on the Good–Toulmin estimator is given by U GT ≜ U GT ( X n , t ) ≜ ∑ i = 1 ∞ ( − t ) i + 1 φ i . {\displaystyle U^{\text{GT}}\triangleq U^{\text{GT}}(X^{n},t)\triangleq \sum _{i=1}^{\infty }(-t)^{i+1}\varphi _{i}.}
Stephen Edelston Toulmin (/ ˈ t uː l m ɪ n /; 25 March 1922 – 4 December 2009) was a British philosopher, author, and educator.Influenced by Ludwig Wittgenstein, Toulmin devoted his works to the analysis of moral reasoning.
An overview of how to perform this smoothing follows in the next section (see also empirical Bayes method). To estimate the probability that the next observed individual is from any species from this group (i.e., the group of species seen times) one can use the following formula:
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Toulmin model – a method of diagramming arguments created by Stephen Toulmin that identifies such components as backing, claim, data, qualifier, rebuttal, and warrant. Tricolon – the pattern of three phrases in parallel, found commonly in Western writing after Cicero—for example, the kitten had white fur, blue eyes, and a pink tongue.
The earliest argumentation-based model used by many design rationale systems is the Toulmin model. [7] The Toulmin model defines the rules of design rationale argumentation with six steps: [21] Claim is made; Supporting data are provided; Warrant provides evidence to the existing relations; Warrant can be supported by a backing; Model ...
This page was last edited on 5 October 2006, at 20:38 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may ...
In decision theory, the weighted sum model (WSM), [1] [2] also called weighted linear combination (WLC) [3] or simple additive weighting (SAW), [4] is the best known and simplest multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) / multi-criteria decision making method for evaluating a number of alternatives in terms of a number of decision criteria.