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The Warsaw Pact's largest military engagement was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia, its own member state, in August 1968 (with the participation of all pact nations except Albania and Romania), [12] which, in part, resulted in Albania withdrawing from the pact less than one month later.
During the Cold War, most of Europe was divided between two alliances. Members of NATO are shown in blue, with members of the Warsaw Pact in red and unaffiliated countries are in grey. Yugoslavia, although communist, had left the Soviet sphere in 1948, and Albania was a Warsaw Pact member-only until 1968.
Three of NATO's members are nuclear weapons states: France, the United Kingdom, and the United States. NATO has 12 original founding member states. Three more members joined between 1952 and 1955, and a fourth joined in 1982. Since the end of the Cold War, NATO has added 16 more members from 1999 to 2024. [1]
Member of: Warsaw Pact Ministry of Defense: Seat: Moscow, Soviet Union: Formation: 14 May 1955; 69 years ago () First holder: Ivan Konev: Final holder: Pyotr Lushev: Abolished: 1 July 1991; 33 years ago () Deputy: Chief of Combined Staff
Warsaw Pact – defensive pact led by the Soviet Union for defense in Eastern Europe. It was the military complement to Comecon. Its members were: Soviet Union; People's Republic of Albania [a] People's Republic of Bulgaria; Czechoslovak Republic (Czechoslovak Socialist Republic since 1960)
Romania opposed the use of its territory by foreign forces, [28] and with Bulgaria was one of the two Warsaw Pact members not to allow the stationing of foreign troops on its soil, Soviet or otherwise. [29] [30] Although Romania did participate in joint Warsaw Pact air and naval exercises, it did not allow such exercises on its own territory. [31]
The Warsaw Pact nations drafted a letter to the KSČ leadership referring to the manifesto as an "organizational and political platform of counterrevolution." Pact members demanded the reimposition of censorship, the banning of new political parties and clubs, and the repression of "rightist" forces within the party.
The members of the Warsaw Pact, sometimes called the Eastern Bloc, were widely viewed as Soviet satellite states. These countries were occupied (or formerly occupied) by the Red Army, and their politics, military, foreign and domestic policies were dominated by the Soviet Union. The Warsaw Pact included the following states: [36] [37]