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Lutherans believe that the Body and Blood of Christ are "truly and substantially present in, with and under the forms" of consecrated bread and wine (the elements), [4] so that communicants eat and drink both the elements and the true Body and Blood of Christ himself [5] in the Sacrament of the Eucharist whether they are believers or unbelievers.
The Lutheran view has erroneously been called "consubstantiation", and Lutheran theologians reject the use of this term as it creates confusion with an earlier doctrine of the same name. [ 53 ] [ 54 ] [ 55 ] Lutherans use the term "in, with and under the forms of consecrated bread and wine" and "sacramental union" to distinguish their ...
Consubstantiation is a Christian theological doctrine that (like transubstantiation) describes the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist. It holds that during the sacrament , the substance of the body and blood of Christ are present alongside the substance of the bread and wine, which remain present.
The Council of Trent, held 1545–1563 in reaction to the Protestant Reformation and initiating the Catholic Counter-Reformation, promulgated the view of the presence of Christ in the Eucharist as true, real, and substantial, and declared that, "by the consecration of the bread and of the wine, a conversion is made of the whole substance of the bread into the substance (substantia) of the body ...
Lutherans have also rejected the designation of their position as consubstantiation because they believe it, like transubstantiation, is a philosophical explanation of the Real Presence, whereas the sacramental union provides a description of the Real Presence.
In the present day, certain Lutheran churches teach that there are three sacraments: Holy Baptism, Holy Eucharist, and Holy Absolution (Confession). [5] [6] [7] Other Lutheran churches teach two sacraments, Holy Baptism and Holy Eucharist, while holding that Holy Absolution is an extension of the sacrament of Holy Baptism. Regardless of the ...
Sufficient spiritual preparation must be made by each Catholic prior to receiving Holy Communion and one must believe truly in the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist. A Catholic in a state of mortal sin should first make a sacramental confession: otherwise that person commits a sacrilege. A sacrilege is the unworthy treatment of sacred ...
The Divine Service (German: Gottesdienst) is a title given to the Eucharistic liturgy as used in the various Lutheran churches. It has its roots in the Pre-Tridentine Mass as revised by Martin Luther in his Formula missae ("Form of the Mass") of 1523 and his Deutsche Messe ("German Mass") of 1526.