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Shigellosis, known historically as dysentery, is an infection of the intestines caused by Shigella bacteria. [1] [3] Symptoms generally start one to two days after exposure and include diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and feeling the need to pass stools even when the bowels are empty. [1]
As a treatment, bed rest is mentioned in the earliest medical writings. The rest cure, or bed rest cure, was a 19th-century treatment for many mental disorders , particularly hysteria . "Taking to bed" and becoming an "invalid" for an indefinite period was a culturally accepted response to some of the adversities of life.
Effective treatment against all stages of the disease may require a combination of medications. [2] Infections without symptoms may be treated with just one antibiotic, and infections with symptoms are treated with two antibiotics. [3] Amoebiasis is present all over the world, [6] though most cases occur in the developing world. [7]
Common symptoms of food poisoning include stomach aches and pain, nausea, fever, vomiting, diarrhea and headache. "Those most at risk for severe foodborne illness include children under 5 ...
Sewage and fecal sludge management: In cholera-affected areas, sewage and fecal sludge need to be treated and managed carefully in order to stop the spread of this disease via human excreta. Provision of sanitation and hygiene is an important preventative measure. [ 35 ]
Sapovirus is a genetically diverse genus of single-stranded positive-sense RNA, non-enveloped viruses within the family Caliciviridae. [1] [2] Together with norovirus, sapoviruses are the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis (commonly called the "stomach flu" although it is not related to influenza) in humans and animals.
For example, the human body louse transmits the bacterium Rickettsia prowazekii which causes epidemic typhus. Although invertebrate-transmitted diseases pose a particular threat on the continents of Africa, Asia and South America, there is one way of controlling invertebrate-borne diseases, which is by controlling the invertebrate vector.
Many of the most prevalent and deadly human diseases are caused by a protozoan infection, including African sleeping sickness, amoebic dysentery, and malaria. The species originally termed "protozoa" are not closely related to each other and only have superficial similarities ( eukaryotic , unicellular , motile , though with exceptions).