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  2. Positivist school (criminology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positivist_school...

    In general terms, positivism rejected the Classical Theory's reliance on free will and sought to identify positive causes that determined the propensity for criminal behaviour. The Classical School of Criminology believed that the punishment against a crime, should in fact fit the crime and not be immoderate.

  3. Classical school (criminology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_school_(criminology)

    Their interests lay in the system of criminal justice and penology and indirectly through the proposition that "man is a calculating animal," in the causes of criminal behavior. The classical school of thought was premised on the idea that people have free will in making decisions, and that punishment can be a deterrent for crime, so long as ...

  4. Criminology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminology

    Criminology is a multidisciplinary field in both the behavioural and social sciences, which draws primarily upon the research of sociologists, political scientists, economists, legal sociologists, psychologists, philosophers, psychiatrists, social workers, biologists, social anthropologists, scholars of law and jurisprudence, as well as the ...

  5. Positive criminology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_criminology

    Positive criminology [1] is based on the perspective that integration and positive life influences that help individuals develop personally and socially will lead to a reduced risk of criminal behavior and better recovery of offenders.

  6. Neo-classical school (criminology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-classical_school...

    In criminology, the Neo-Classical School continues the traditions of the Classical School [further explanation needed] the framework of Right Realism.Hence, the utilitarianism of Jeremy Bentham and Cesare Beccaria remains a relevant social philosophy in policy term for using punishment as a deterrent through law enforcement, the courts, and imprisonment.

  7. Differential association - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_association

    The process of learning criminal behavior by association with criminal and anti-criminal patterns involves all of the mechanisms that are involved in any other learning. 9. While criminal behavior is an expression of general needs and values, it is not explained by those needs and values, since non-criminal behavior is an expression of the same ...

  8. Legal positivism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_positivism

    In jurisprudence and legal philosophy, legal positivism is the theory that the existence of the law and its content depend on social facts, such as acts of legislation, judicial decisions, and customs, rather than on morality. This contrasts with natural law theory, which holds that law is necessarily connected to morality in such a way that ...

  9. Retributive justice - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retributive_justice

    Retributive justice is a legal concept whereby the criminal offender receives punishment proportional or similar to the crime.As opposed to revenge, retribution—and thus retributive justice—is not personal, is directed only at wrongdoing, has inherent limits, involves no pleasure at the suffering of others (i.e., schadenfreude, sadism), and employs procedural standards.