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Solid – cast in solid metal, usually lead, common in Germany during the 19th and early 20th century; Wood - From the 19th century Germany produced large amounts of wooden fortresses and toy soldiers [6] sometimes working on a scissors mechanism.
Lead could be cast in a ladle over a wood fire used for cooking or home heating, while casting iron required higher temperatures. Greater density of lead allowed lead bullets to retain velocity and energy better than iron bullets of the same weight and initial firing velocity. [2] Minié balls of the mid-19th century could be either cast or swaged.
Two of the most popular 19th-century lead sizes were 1.5 and 1.03 mm, "VS" and "M", respectively. Many other sizes were in use, however, before the Eversharp's success made its .046 inch lead size a de facto standard (this size has been variously metricized as 1.1, 1.18, and 1.2 mm, all nominal sizes).
Jacketed soft point (JSP): In the late 19th century, the Indian Army at Dum-Dum Arsenal, near Kolkata, developed a variation of the FMJ design where the jacket did not cover the nose of the bullet. The soft lead nose was found to expand in the flesh while the remaining jacket still prevented lead fouling in the barrel.
By the end of the nineteenth century, over 240,000 pencils were used each day in the US. ... Lead types are based on grade and size; ... A grading chart ranging from ...
A similar qualification must be placed on references to size of guns (i.e. weight of projectile) for every other nation, since each country had its own system of weights and measures. The Spanish "pound", or libra , as another example, equated to 0.4608 kg (1.016 lb) (the British pound equals 0.4536 kg (1.000 lb)); and thus the Spanish 36-libra ...
Therefore with a 12-gauge, it would take 12 balls of lead of the same size as the 12 gauge shotgun's inner bore diameter to weigh 1 pound (454 grams). [6] The term is related to the measurement of cannons, which were also measured by the weight of their iron round shot; an eight-pounder would fire an 8 lb (3.6 kg) ball. Therefore, a 12 gauge is ...
By the early nineteenth century many commodities had their own set of units, the units of measure for the wool and cloth industries had units of measure specific to those commodities, albeit derived on the pound avoirdupois or the foot while wine and beer used units with the same names but different sizes – the wine gallon being 231 cubic ...