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  2. Alpha helix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_helix

    The alpha helix is the most common structural arrangement in the secondary structure of proteins. It is also the most extreme type of local structure, and it is the local structure that is most easily predicted from a sequence of amino acids. The alpha helix has a right-handed helix conformation in which every backbone N−H group hydrogen ...

  3. Denaturation (biochemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denaturation_(biochemistry)

    In biochemistry, denaturation is a process in which proteins or nucleic acids lose folded structure present in their native state due to various factors, including application of some external stress or compound, such as a strong acid or base, a concentrated inorganic salt, an organic solvent (e.g., alcohol or chloroform), agitation and radiation, or heat. [3]

  4. Protein secondary structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_secondary_structure

    These methods were based on the helix- or sheet-forming propensities of individual amino acids, sometimes coupled with rules for estimating the free energy of forming secondary structure elements. The first widely used techniques to predict protein secondary structure from the amino acid sequence were the Chou–Fasman method [ 17 ] [ 18 ] [ 19 ...

  5. Protein folding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_folding

    The alpha helix spiral formation An anti-parallel beta pleated sheet displaying hydrogen bonding within the backbone. Formation of a secondary structure is the first step in the folding process that a protein takes to assume its native structure.

  6. Transmembrane protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmembrane_protein

    Transmembrane alpha-helical (α-helical) proteins are unusually stable judging from thermal denaturation studies, because they do not unfold completely within the membranes (the complete unfolding would require breaking down too many α-helical H-bonds in the nonpolar media).

  7. Protein structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_structure

    Both the α-helix and the β-sheet represent a way of saturating all the hydrogen bond donors and acceptors in the peptide backbone. Some parts of the protein are ordered but do not form any regular structures. They should not be confused with random coil, an unfolded polypeptide chain lacking any fixed three-dimensional structure.

  8. Supersecondary structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersecondary_structure

    The beta strands are parallel, and the helix is also almost parallel to the strands. This structure can be seen in almost all proteins with parallel strands. The loops connecting the beta strands and alpha helix can vary in length and often binds ligands. Beta-alpha-beta helices can be either left-handed or right-handed.

  9. Bovine pancreatic ribonuclease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovine_pancreatic_ribonuclease

    RNase A has four disulfide bonds in its native state: Cys26-Cys84, Cys58-110, Cys40-95 and Cys65-72. The first two (26-84 and 58-110) are essential for conformational folding; each joins an alpha helix of the first layer to a beta sheet of the second layer, forming a small hydrophobic core in its vicinity. The latter two disulfide bonds (40-95 ...