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Fluorouracil (5-FU, 5-fluorouracil), sold under the brand name Adrucil among others, is a cytotoxic chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer. [3] By intravenous injection it is used for treatment of colorectal cancer , oesophageal cancer , stomach cancer , pancreatic cancer , breast cancer , and cervical cancer . [ 3 ]
Tegafur is a chemotherapeutic prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) used in the treatment of cancers. It is a component of the combination drug tegafur/uracil. When metabolised, it becomes 5-FU. [1] It was patented in 1967 and approved for medical use in 1972. [2]
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), the nucleobase of doxifluridine, is currently an FDA-approved antimetabolite. [2] 5-FU is normally administered intravenously to prevent its degradation by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall. Doxifluridine is a fluoropyrimidine derivative of 5-FU, thus a second-generation nucleoside prodrug.
The mechanism of action of carmofur prodrug is traditionally thought to be the generation of 5–FU. [2] However, carmofur is a highly potent acid ceramidase (AC) inhibitor. [2] Ceramide influences cancer cell survival, growth and death. [2] Inhibition of AC activity sensitizes tumor cells to the effects of antineoplastic agents and radiation. [2]
The cytotoxic antibiotics are a varied group of drugs that have various mechanisms of action. The common theme that they share in their chemotherapy indication is that they interrupt cell division . The most important subgroup is the anthracyclines and the bleomycins ; other prominent examples include mitomycin C and actinomycin .
Tegafur/uracil (abbreviation: UFT [1]) is a chemotherapy drug combination used in the treatment of cancer, primarily bowel cancer.. UFT is an oral formulation combining uracil (a competitive inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase), and tegafur (a bioavailable 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) prodrug) in a 4:1 molar ratio.
The prodrug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was the first antimetabolite used as a TS inhibitor. It penetrates the cell through the same facilitated transport mechanism as the uracil, due to the analogy between the two molecules (similar shape and size). The transporter recognizes 5-FU as an endogenous molecule.
Cyclophosphamide Methotrexate Fluorouracil (CMF) is a commonly used regimen of breast cancer chemotherapy that combines three anti-cancer agents: cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). [1]