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  2. Torricelli's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torricelli's_law

    For low viscosity liquids (such as water) flowing out of a round hole in a tank, the discharge coefficient is in the order of 0.65. [4] By discharging through a round tube or hose, the coefficient of discharge can be increased to over 0.9. For rectangular openings, the discharge coefficient can be up to 0.67, depending on the height-width ratio.

  3. Discharge coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discharge_coefficient

    In a nozzle or other constriction, the discharge coefficient (also known as coefficient of discharge or efflux coefficient) is the ratio of the actual discharge to the ideal discharge, [1] i.e., the ratio of the mass flow rate at the discharge end of the nozzle to that of an ideal nozzle which expands an identical working fluid from the same initial conditions to the same exit pressures.

  4. Flow conditioning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_conditioning

    The fundamental difference between the orifice meter and the turbine meter is the flow equation derivation. The orifice meter flow calculation is based on fluid flow fundamentals (a 1st Law of Thermodynamics derivation utilizing the pipe diameter and vena contracta diameters for the continuity equation). Deviations from theoretical expectation ...

  5. List of equations in fluid mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_equations_in_fluid...

    Flux F through a surface, dS is the differential vector area element, n is the unit normal to the surface. Left: No flux passes in the surface, the maximum amount flows normal to the surface.

  6. Darcy's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darcy's_law

    Darcy's law is an equation that describes the flow of a fluid through a porous medium and through a Hele-Shaw cell.The law was formulated by Henry Darcy based on results of experiments [1] on the flow of water through beds of sand, forming the basis of hydrogeology, a branch of earth sciences.

  7. Sampson flow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampson_flow

    Here, is the molecular flux in atoms/m 2 ·sec, is the average of the pressures on either side of the orifice, is the Boltzmann constant, (J/K), and is the absolute temperature in K. Sampson flow is the macroscopic analog of effusion flow, which describes stochastic diffusion of molecules through an orifice much smaller than the mean-free-path ...

  8. Vena contracta - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vena_contracta

    The coefficient of contraction is defined as the ratio between the area of the jet at the vena contracta and the area of the orifice. C c = Area at vena contracta/Area of orifice. The typical value may be taken as 0.611 for a sharp orifice (concentric with the flow channel). [2] [3] The smaller the value, the greater the effect the vena ...

  9. Flow distribution in manifolds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_distribution_in_manifolds

    Eq.2b is a fundamental equation for most of discrete models. The equation can be solved by recurrence and iteration method for a manifold. It is clear that Eq.2a is limiting case of Eq.2b when ∆X → 0. Eq.2a is simplified to Eq.1 Bernoulli equation without the potential energy term when β=1 whilst Eq.2 is simplified to Kee's model [6] when β=0