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Nasolacrimal duct obstruction is the obstruction of the nasolacrimal ducts (better known as the tear ducts) and may be either congenital or acquired. Obstruction of the nasolacrimal ducts leads to the excess overflow of tears called epiphora .
Dacryocystitis is an infection of the lacrimal sac, secondary to obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct at the junction of the lacrimal sac. [1] The term derives from Greek dákryon 'tear' cysta 'sac' and -itis 'inflammation'. [2] It causes pain, redness, and swelling over the inner aspect of the lower eyelid and epiphora.
Obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct may occur. [4] [5] [6] This leads to the excess overflow of tears called epiphora (chronic low-grade nasolacrimal duct occlusion). [7]A congenital obstruction can cause cystic expansion of the duct and is called a dacryocystocele or Timo cyst.
Nasolacrimal duct obstruction disrupts the lacrimal drainage system, eventually creating a swelling cyst in the lacrimal sac area by the nasal cavity. The location of the cyst can cause respiratory dysfunction, compromising the airway. The obstruction ultimately leads to epiphora, an abundance of tear production. [1]
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The lacrimal sac or lachrymal sac [1] is the upper dilated end of the nasolacrimal duct, [2] and is lodged in a deep groove formed by the lacrimal bone and frontal process of the maxilla. It connects the lacrimal canaliculi , which drain tears from the eye's surface, and the nasolacrimal duct , which conveys this fluid into the nasal cavity. [ 3 ]
Dacryoscintigraphy (DSG), also known as lacrimal scintigraphy, is a nuclear medicine technique for imaging the lacrimal apparatus. It is used to identify obstructions, for example in the lacrimal duct , nasal cavity or nasolacrimal duct .
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