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Omphalitis of newborn is the medical term for inflammation of the umbilical cord stump in the neonatal newborn period, most commonly attributed to a bacterial infection. [1] Typically immediately after an infant is born, the umbilical cord is cut with a small remnant (often referred to as the stump) left behind.
The embryo is surrounded by the thin membranes of the amniotic sac, the umbilical cord is seen in the center, attaching the embryo to the placenta. The umbilical cord develops from and contains remnants of the yolk sac and allantois. It forms by the fifth week of development, replacing the yolk sac as the source of nutrients for the embryo. [2]
Umbilical cord prolapse is when the umbilical cord comes out of the uterus with or before the presenting part of the baby. [2] The concern with cord prolapse is that pressure on the cord from the baby will compromise blood flow to the baby. [2] It usually occurs during labor but can occur anytime after the rupture of membranes. [1] [5]
Waiting at least two minutes before clamping the umbilical cord of a premature baby may reduce the risk of death by at least a third, new research suggests.
A nuchal cord is when the umbilical cord becomes wrapped around the fetus's neck. [1] Symptoms present in the baby shortly after birth from a prior nuchal cord may include duskiness of face, facial petechia, and bleeding in the whites of the eye. [1] Complications can include meconium, respiratory distress, anemia, and stillbirth. [1]
Umbilical granuloma is the most common umbilical abnormality in newborn children or neonates, causing inflammation and drainage. [1] [2] [3] It may appear in the first few weeks of newborn infants during the healing process of the umbilical cord due to an umbilical mass. [4] It is the overgrowth of the umbilical tissue. [5]
Intrauterine hypoxia (also known as fetal hypoxia) occurs when the fetus is deprived of an adequate supply of oxygen.It may be due to a variety of reasons such as prolapse or occlusion of the umbilical cord, placental infarction, maternal diabetes (prepregnancy or gestational diabetes) [1] and maternal smoking.
Torsion of the umbilical cord is very common (especially in equine stillbirths) but it is not a natural state of the umbilical cord. The umbilical cord can be untwisted at delivery. The average cord has three twists. Smoke inhalation – If a pregnant woman gets trapped in a building fire, the smoke and fumes can kill a foetus. [citation needed]