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The normal (monocular) human visual field extends to approximately 60 degrees nasally (toward the nose, or inward) from the vertical meridian in each eye, to 107 degrees temporally (away from the nose, or outwards) from the vertical meridian, and approximately 70 degrees above and 80 below the horizontal meridian. [7] [1] [8] [9]
If the analogy of the eye's retina working as a sensor is drawn upon, the corresponding concept in human (and much of animal vision) is the visual field. [2] It is defined as "the number of degrees of visual angle during stable fixation of the eyes". [3] Note that eye movements are excluded in the visual field's definition.
Classical image of the shape and size of the visual field [28]. The outer boundaries of peripheral vision correspond to the boundaries of the visual field as a whole. For a single eye, the extent of the visual field can be (roughly) defined in terms of four angles, each measured from the fixation point, i.e., the point at which one's gaze is directed.
At the low end of the range is the absolute threshold of vision for a steady light across a wide field of view, about 10 −6 cd/m 2 (0.000001 candela per square meter). [22] [23] The upper end of the range is given in terms of normal visual performance as 10 8 cd/m 2 (100,000,000 or one hundred million candelas per square meter). [24]
A reference value above which visual acuity is considered normal is called 6/6 vision, the USC equivalent of which is 20/20 vision: At 6 metres or 20 feet, a human eye with that performance is able to separate contours that are approximately 1.75 mm apart. [9] Vision of 6/12 corresponds to lower performance, while vision of 6/3 to better ...
Peripheral vision of the human eye. Vision span or perceptual span is a controversial concept referring to the angular span (vertically and horizontally), within which the human eye has sharp enough vision to perform an action accurately (reading or face recognition). The visual field of the human eye spans approximately 120 degrees of arc. [1]
Figure 1 - Humphrey field analyser. Humphrey field analyser (HFA) is a tool for measuring the human visual field that is commonly used by optometrists, orthoptists and ophthalmologists, particularly for detecting monocular visual field. [1] The results of the analyser identify the type of vision defect.
The visual system is the physiological basis of visual perception (the ability to detect and process light).The system detects, transduces and interprets information concerning light within the visible range to construct an image and build a mental model of the surrounding environment.