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GEBCO is the only intergovernmental body with a mandate to map the whole ocean floor. At the beginning of the project, only 6 per cent of the world's ocean bottom had been surveyed to today's standards; as of June 2022, the project had recorded 23.4 per cent mapped. About 14,500,000 square kilometres (5,600,000 sq mi) of new bathymetric data ...
Bathymetric charts showcase depth using a series of lines and points at equal intervals, called depth contours or isobaths (a type of contour line). A closed shape with increasingly smaller shapes inside of it can indicate an ocean trench or a seamount, or underwater mountain, depending on whether the depths increase or decrease going inward. [2]
The Clipperton fracture zone is the southernmost of the north east Pacific Ocean lineations. It begins east-northeast of the Line Islands and ends in the Middle America Trench off the coast of Central America, [4] [11] [6] forming a rough line on the same latitude as Kiribati and Clipperton Island, from which it gets its name.
The diversity of life forms discovered living on top of the trench floor sediments and scavenging communities is high, [9] with during one study at 1 km (0.62 mi) depth 35 species observed, with biodiversity decreasing at 3.7 km (2.3 mi) depth before increasing again at 8.2 km (5.1 mi). [10] This is likely to reflect several factors.
This ocean depth spans from the edge of the continental shelf down to the top of the abyssal zone, and along continental slope depths. [2] [4] The bathymetry of the bathypelagic zone consists of limited areas where the seafloor is in this depth range along the deepest parts of the continental margins, as well as seamounts and mid-ocean ridges. [5]
The four-month 1910 North Atlantic expedition headed by John Murray and Johan Hjort was the most ambitious research oceanographic and marine zoological project ever mounted until then, and led to the classic 1912 book The Depths of the Ocean. The first acoustic measurement of sea depth was made in 1914.
The M w 7.7 2021 Loyalty Islands earthquake (Matthew Island earthquake) was much stronger than the usual seismicity on the southernmost aspects of the trench. [10] The epicenter was close to Matthew Island , and was both preceded and followed by a seismic crisis of multiple events with greater than M w 5.0 [ 10 ]
This is a retouched picture, which means that it has been digitally altered from its original version.Modifications: Translated remaining French labels, fixed some English labels, added missing sea and lake names, added missing lake, refactored text styling of some labels to match the rest, fixed rainbow of colors assigned to random islands, added missing Malta and Bermuda islands.