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Skatestoppers are skate-deterrent or anti-skate devices placed on urban terrain features, such as benches and handrails, to discourage skateboarders from grinding on the surfaces where they have been installed. [1] They are a form of hostile architecture. [1]
Some forms of hostile architecture are easy to identify, while others could be interpreted as either exclusionary or non-exclusionary, such as spaced-out singular chairs constructed at a playground in Sweden, which may appear intentionally designed to dissuade homeless sleeping, or as an acknowledgement that Swedes consider it impolite to sit near strangers. [22]
The Camden bench received criticism as being a prime example of a wider trend of urban design that is anti-homeless, known as hostile architecture. [6] Critics claim it is emblematic of a society where freedom in public space has been curtailed and deviance from accepted forms of behaviour has been made impossible. [7]
A battlement, in defensive architecture, such as that of city walls or castles, comprises a parapet (a defensive low wall between chest-height and head-height), in which gaps or indentations, which are often rectangular, occur at intervals to allow for the launch of arrows or other projectiles from within the defences. [1]
Urine deflector in a corner of the Priory Gatehouse in Great Malvern. A urine deflector is a device for deflecting the stream of urine during urination.These may be part of a chamber pot, latrine or toilet intended for the purpose, or they may be deterrents, installed in the sides or corners of buildings to discourage their casual use as urinals by passers-by.
Anti-trespass panels used at Reigate station, used to access platforms from nearby grade crossing, photographed in 2012 In 2015, at Reigate station in Surrey , England, locals were observed using wooden anti-trespass panels to walk a very short distance onto station platforms adjacent to a grade crossing rather than walk several hundred feet ...
An information sign in Nijō castle states that "The singing sound is not actually intentional, stemming rather from the movement of nails against clumps in the floor caused by wear and tear over the years". Legend has it that the squeaking floors were used as a security device, assuring that no one could sneak through the corridors undetected. [1]
An area denial weapon is a defensive device used to prevent an adversary from occupying or traversing an area of land, sea or air. The specific method may not be totally effective in preventing passage, but is sufficient to severely restrict, slow down, or endanger the opponent.