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They further argue that epithets for the Buddha like Sugata Buddha and Adi Buddha refer to the Vishnu avatar, not to Gautama Buddha, based on Amarakosha and other Buddhist texts. [43] [44] In 1999, Śaṅkarācārya of Kanchi, Śrī Jayendra Sarasvatī had released a joint statement with Vipassanācharya S. N. Goenka and declared that: [45] [web 2]
According to this tradition, the first was the ninth avatar of Vishnu, while the second was the historical Buddha. [52] [note 12] Conversely, Vishnu has also been assimilated into Sinhalese Buddhist culture, [55] and Mahayana Buddhism is sometimes called Buddha-Bhagavatism. [56] By this period, the concept of Dashavatara was fully developed. [57]
Vithoba's image replaces the traditional representation of Buddha, when depicted as the ninth avatar of Vishnu, in some temple sculptures and Hindu astrological almanacs in Maharashtra. In the 17th century, Maratha artists sculpted an image of Pandharpur's Vithoba in the Buddha's place on a panel showing Vishnu's avatars.
The text names Buddha as the 23rd avatar of Vishnu, adds Brahma also as avatar of Vishnu, the last two in a manner similar to the Puranas tradition of Hinduism. [3] However, unlike many regional Hindu texts, the Chaubis Avtar avatar mentions many more Vishnu avatars.
In some sects of Vaishnavism, Sugata Buddha is regarded by various Puranas as the ninth avatar among the Dashavatara of Vishnu, [3] instead of Gautama Buddha. Some Vaishnavite schools argue that Sugata Buddha, the incarnation of Vishnu, was born around 1800 BC [9] in Bodhi-Gaya to Ajana, and was a different person from Gautama Buddha. [10] [11]
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It narrates the story of Matsya, the first of ten major Avatars of the Hindu god Vishnu. [1] The text describes the mythology of a great flood, where in the world and humans led by Manu, the seeds of all plants and mobile living beings, as well as its knowledge books (Vedas) were saved by the Matsya avatar of Vishnu. [1] [20]
The Dashavatara refers to the ten primary (i.e. full or complete) incarnations of Vishnu, the Hindu god of preservation which has Rigvedic origins. Vishnu is said to descend in the form of an avatar to restore cosmic order. The word Dashavatara derives from daśa, meaning "ten", and avatar (avatāra), roughly equivalent to "incarnation".