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In a statement such as while ((ch = getchar ())!= EOF) {…}, the return value of a function is used to control a loop while assigning that same value to a variable. In other programming languages, Scheme for example, the return value of an assignment is undefined and such idioms are invalid.
Instance variables are properties of that object. All instances of a class have their own copies of instance variables, even if the value is the same from one object to another. One class instance can change values of its instance variables without affecting all other instances. A class may have both instance variables and class variables.
In class-based programming, the most popular style, each object is required to be an instance of a particular class. The class defines the data format or type (including member variables and their types) and available procedures (class methods or member functions) for a given type or class of object.
In methods that have a return value of type Task<T>, methods declared with async must have a return statement of type assignable to T instead of Task<T>; the compiler wraps the value in the Task<T> generic. It is also possible to await methods that have a return type of Task or Task<T> that are declared without async.
When a web page is loaded, the browser creates a Document Object Model of the page, which is an object oriented representation of an HTML document that acts as an interface between JavaScript and the document itself. This allows the creation of dynamic web pages, [13] because within a page JavaScript can:
In such a situation, for example, the statement var n = localAndFieldname; within the method will assign the type and value of the local variable localAndFieldname to n, whereas the statement var n = this.localAndFieldname; will assign the type and value of the outer field variable to n. [11]
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In Ruby, all classes are open. In Python, classes can be created at runtime, and all can be modified afterward. [43] Objective-C categories permit the programmer to add methods to an existing class without the need to recompile that class or even have access to its source code.