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The term high-functioning autism was used in a manner similar to Asperger syndrome, another outdated classification. The defining characteristic recognized by psychologists was a significant delay in the development of early speech and language skills, before the age of three years. [ 12 ]
A 2003 review of epidemiological studies of children found autism rates ranging from 0.03 to 4.84 per 1,000, with the ratio of autism to Asperger syndrome ranging from 1.5:1 to 16:1; [142] combining the geometric mean ratio of 5:1 with a conservative prevalence estimate for autism of 1.3 per 1,000 suggests indirectly that the prevalence of AS ...
Autism spectrum disorder [a] (ASD), or simply autism, is a neurodevelopmental disorder "characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts" and "restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities". [11]
In 1994, Sally Ozonoff, David L. Strayer, William M. McMahon and Francis Filloux compared information processing skills in high functioning autistics and controls: "The performance of high-functioning autistic children was compared with that of two matched control groups, one with Tourette Syndrome and the other developmentally normal.
The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) is a behavior rating scale intended to help diagnose autism. CARS was developed by Eric Schopler , Robert J. Reichler , and Barbara Rochen Renner . The scale was designed to help differentiate children with autism from those with other developmental delays, such as intellectual disability .
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Autistic individuals tend to use different brain areas (yellow) for a movement task compared to a control group (blue). [30] The underconnectivity theory of autism posits that autistic people tend to have fewer high-level neural connections and less global synchronization, along with an excess of low-level processes. [31]
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