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The Akali movement / ə ˈ k ɑː l i /, also called the Gurdwara Reform Movement, was a campaign to bring reform in the gurdwaras (the Sikh places of worship) in India during the early 1920s. The movement led to the introduction of the Sikh Gurdwara Bill in 1925, which placed all the historical Sikh shrines in India under the control of ...
Prior to 1925, a large proportion of the gurdwaras in India were under the control of clergy of the Udasi denomination of Sikhism. The Udasi differed from their mainline Sikh congregants, and due to differences in theology (such as syncretic Hindu practices) as well as some instances of malfeasance were seen as allowing or committing behaviours unsuitable for a gurdwara.
Sunder Singh Lyallpuri (1878 – 3 March 1969) was a leading Sikh member of the Indian independence movement, a general of the Akali Movement, an educationist, and a journalist. Lyallpuri played a key role in the development of the Shiromani Akali Dal and in the Gurdwara Reform Movement of the early 1920s.
In 1920 SGPC was established when Gurdwara Reform Movement was started. [15] Sundar Singh Majithia was appointed first President of the committee. This post got legal status after the passing of Sikh Gurdwaras Act, 1925 by legislation in British India. After passing of this act Baba Kharak Singh became the President.
In 1920, the League passed a resolution to support the Non-Cooperation Movement started by Mahatma Gandhi. Central Sikh League also encouraged volunteers to carry on fight for Swaraj. [3] The League supported the Gurdwara Reform Movement and appointed an inquiry committee into the Nankana massacre of 20 February 1921.
Kartar Singh Jhabbar (1874 – 20 November 1962) was a Sikh leader known for his role in the Gurdwara Reform Movement of the 1920s. Kartar Singh was born to Teja Singh in the Jhabbar village of Sheikhupura District in Punjab (British India). [2] His grandfather Mangal Singh was in the service of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. [3]
Photograph of Mahant Narayan Das, the last Udasi custodian of Nankana Sahib and accused perpetrator of the Nankana massacre. At the time of the massacre, there was a growing demand in Sikhism that the traditional hereditary custodians hand over their control of the gurdwaras to democratically elected committees.
Jathedar Bhai Tehal Singh Dhanju (1875 – 20 February 1921) was a Sikh religious figure. He played an important role in awakening the Sikh masses during the Gurdwara Reform Movement in the early 20th century.