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  2. Protein biosynthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_biosynthesis

    Protein synthesis is a very similar process for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes but there are some distinct differences. [1] Protein synthesis can be divided broadly into two phases: transcription and translation. During transcription, a section of DNA encoding a protein, known as a gene, is converted into a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA).

  3. Protein production - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_production

    Protein production is the biotechnological process of generating a specific protein. It is typically achieved by the manipulation of gene expression in an organism such that it expresses large amounts of a recombinant gene .

  4. Native chemical ligation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_chemical_ligation

    Similarly, a recombinant protein containing an N-terminal Cys can be reacted with a synthetic polypeptide thioester. Thus, native chemical ligation can be used to introduce chemically synthesized segments into recombinant proteins, regardless of size.

  5. Biosynthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosynthesis

    A protein is a polymer that is composed from amino acids that are linked by peptide bonds. There are more than 300 amino acids found in nature of which only twenty two, known as the proteinogenic amino acids , are the building blocks for protein. [ 24 ]

  6. Biomolecular engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecular_engineering

    Biomolecular engineering is the application of engineering principles and practices to the purposeful manipulation of molecules of biological origin. Biomolecular engineers integrate knowledge of biological processes with the core knowledge of chemical engineering in order to focus on molecular level solutions to issues and problems in the life sciences related to the environment, agriculture ...

  7. Peptide synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide_synthesis

    In organic chemistry, peptide synthesis is the production of peptides, compounds where multiple amino acids are linked via amide bonds, also known as peptide bonds. Peptides are chemically synthesized by the condensation reaction of the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another.

  8. Protein engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_engineering

    Protein engineering is the process of developing useful or valuable proteins through ... Cassette mutagenesis begins with the synthesis of a DNA cassette containing ...

  9. Nucleoside-modified messenger RNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleoside-modified...

    The two UTRs at their strand ends are essential for the stability of an mRNA and also of a modRNA as well as for the efficiency of translation, i.e. for the amount of protein produced. By selecting suitable UTRs during the synthesis of a modRNA, the production of the target protein in the target cells can be optimised. [5] [12]