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As the diagram on the right shows, the gallium (Ga+) primary ion beam hits the sample surface and sputters a small amount of material, which leaves the surface as either secondary ions (i+ or i−) or neutral atoms (n 0). The primary beam also produces secondary electrons (e −). As the primary beam rasters on the sample surface, the signal ...
A small ion beam rocket being tested by NASA. An ion beam is a beam of ions, a type of charged particle beam. Ion beams have many uses in electronics manufacturing (principally ion implantation) and other industries. There are many ion beam sources, some derived from the mercury vapor thrusters developed by NASA in the 1960s. The most widely ...
Ion beam deposition (IBD) is a process of applying materials to a target through the application of an ion beam. [1] Ion beam deposition setup with mass separator. An ion beam deposition apparatus typically consists of an ion source, ion optics, and the deposition target. Optionally a mass analyzer can be incorporated. [2]
Holiday shopping scams to watch out for. In an effort to protect the public from falling prey to scammers as they do their holiday shopping, the FBI has offered some keys ways to avoid any ...
Photo: The MaMFIS operating at electron beam energy of up to 4 keV and electron current density of about 20 kA/cm 2. Main Magnetic Focus Ion Source (MaMFIS) is a compact ion source with extremely high electron current density. The device is designed for production of ions of arbitrary elements in any charge states, in particular, of highly ...
The quieter holiday week offers a rare moment to focus on your end-of-year financial checklist.If you're still keeping the bulk of your savings in an account earning under 1%, moving your money to ...
"I've bought a number of outlet expanders over the years and the early ones were terrible. Big, bulky, ugly and only added an extra outlet spot or two," said one fan.The Qinliaf, they continued ...
Ion-beam lithography offers higher resolution patterning than UV, X-ray, or electron beam lithography because these heavier particles have more momentum. This gives the ion beam a smaller wavelength than even an e-beam and therefore almost no diffraction. The momentum also reduces scattering in the target and in any residual gas.