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The system was developed partly because access to foreign government-controlled global navigation satellite systems is not guaranteed in hostile situations, as happened to the Indian military in 1999 when the United States denied an Indian request for Global Positioning System (GPS) data for the Kargil region, which would have provided vital information. [22]
A world map is a map of most or all of the surface of Earth. World maps, because of their scale, must deal with the problem of projection. Maps rendered in two dimensions by necessity distort the display of the three-dimensional surface of the Earth. While this is true of any map, these distortions reach extremes in a world map.
Based on the Köppen system, India hosts six major climatic subtypes, ranging from arid desert in the west, alpine tundra and glaciers in the north, and humid tropical regions supporting rainforests in the southwest and the island territories. The nation has four seasons: winter (January–February), summer (March–May), a monsoon (rainy ...
Bhuvan (lit: Earth) is an Indian web-based utility which allows users to explore a set of geographic content prepared by the Indian Space Research Organisation.The content which the utility serves is mostly restricted to within Indian boundaries and is offered in four regional languages.
The earliest known choropleth map was created in 1826 by Baron Pierre Charles Dupin, depicting the availability of basic education in France by department. [4] More "cartes teintées" ("tinted maps") were soon produced in France to visualize other "moral statistics" on education, disease, crime, and living conditions.
Map 2: This Indian map shows various lines, including the red line, representing India's view of the position in 1959, and the blue line, representing the position prior to the 1962 war. The date of 7 November 1959, on which the Chinese premier Zhou Enlai alluded to the concept of "line of actual control", [ 6 ] achieved a certain sanctity in ...
Map 2: Boundary of Kashmir in the 1888 Survey of India map of India. W. H. Johnson was the lead surveyor of Ladakh in the Kashmir Survey team instituted 1847–1865 by the Survey of India. [a] He surveyed the region now called Aksai Chin in 1865. [4] [5] The results of the survey were published in a "Kashmir Atlas" in 1868. [6]
Borehole radars utilizing GPR are used to map the structures from a borehole in underground mining applications. Modern directional borehole radar systems are able to produce three-dimensional images from measurements in a single borehole. [8] One of the other main applications for ground-penetrating radars is for locating underground utilities.