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  2. Advanced Placement exams - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Placement_exams

    Advanced Placement (AP) examinations are exams offered in United States by the College Board and are taken each May by students. The tests are the culmination of year-long Advanced Placement (AP) courses, which are typically offered at the high school level. AP exams (with few exceptions [1]) have a multiple-choice section and a free-response ...

  3. Self-efficacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-efficacy

    In psychology, self-efficacy is an individual's belief in their capacity to act in the ways necessary to reach specific goals. [1] The concept was originally proposed by the psychologist Albert Bandura in 1977. Self-efficacy affects every area of human endeavor.

  4. Temporal motivation theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_motivation_theory

    The theory states an individual's motivation for a task can be derived with the following formula (in its simplest form): = where , the desire for a particular outcome, or self-efficacy is the probability of success, is the reward associated with the outcome, is the individual’s sensitivity to delay and is the time to complete that task.

  5. Patient Activation Measure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patient_Activation_Measure

    There are a number of instruments measuring similar constructs, including My Health Confidence, Patient Health Engagement Scale, Stanford self-efficacy for managing chronic disease 6-item scale, ICECAP-A (the ICEpop CAPability measure for Adults), [9] the Health Literacy Questionnaire and the Health Confidence Score.

  6. Social cognitive theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_cognitive_theory

    For both men and women, increased self-efficacy was the most important predictor in signifying positive changes to exercise behavior and physical activity. SCT can be applied to public health campaigns in an attempt to foster a more healthy public through exercise; as it relates, multiple studies find self-efficacy as the most important ...

  7. Core self-evaluations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_self-evaluations

    Later, although some researchers agreed that it was less self-oriented than the other variables because it has an external dimension, it became a part of the theory for two primary reasons: 1) Its scale measured many self-oriented items, and 2) because it was conceptually and empirically related to generalized self-efficacy (a meta-analysis ...

  8. Perceived control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceived_control

    Therefore, self-efficacy is an important factor influencing the effectiveness of perceived control. Blittner, Goldberg and Merbaum reasoned in 1978 that only if the person believes in their abilities and success, they can perform better or change behavior. [8]

  9. Psychological Capital Questionnaire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_Capital...

    Defined by Luthans and Carolyn M. Youssef, PsyCap is "an individual's positive psychological state of development and is characterized by: (1) having confidence (self-efficacy) to take on and put in the necessary effort to succeed at challenging tasks; (2) making a positive attribution (optimism) about succeeding now and in the future; (3 ...