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After the pontificate of Pius X, there was a gradual abatement of attacks against modernists. The new Pope Benedict XV, who was elected to succeed Pius X in 1914, once again condemned modernism in his encyclical Ad beatissimi Apostolorum, but also urged Catholics to cease condemning fellow believers. [92]
Pius X viewed the church as under siege, intellectually from rationalism and materialism, politically from liberalism and anti-clericalism.The pope condemned modernism, a loose movement of Catholic biblical scholars, philosophers and theologians who believed that the church could not ignore new scientific historical research concerning the Bible. [2]
The Oath Against Modernism was instituted by Pope Pius X in his motu proprio Sacrorum antistitum on September 1, 1910. The oath was required of "all clergy , pastors , confessors , preachers , religious superiors , and professors in philosophical-theological seminaries " [ 1 ] of the Catholic Church .
The pope and most French Catholics considered the law as undermining the independent authority of the Church. [5] Pius viewed it as related to Modernist theories popular in France, and a concerted attack upon the Church. In Italy, Modernism was more political than doctrinal. [4]
Pope Pius X (Italian: Pio X; born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto; [a] 2 June 1835 – 20 August 1914) was head of the Catholic Church from 4 August 1903 to his death. Pius X is known for vigorously opposing modernist interpretations of Catholic doctrine , and for promoting liturgical reforms and Thomist scholastic theology.
The term did not, however, become popular till the time of Pope Pius X, whose papacy lasted from 1903 to 1914. After the papal condemnation of modernism in 1907, those most active in promoting the papal teachings were sometimes referred to as "integral Catholics" ( French : Catholiques intégraux ), from which the words intégrisme (integrism ...
Within Roman Catholicism, Pope Pius IX and Pope Pius X claim that Modernism (in a particular definition of the Catholic Church) is a danger to the Christian faith. Pope Pius IX compiled a Syllabus of Errors published on December 8, 1864, to describe his objections to Modernism. [77] Pope Pius X further elaborated on the characteristics and ...
Tra le sollecitudini (Italian for "among the concerns") was a motu proprio issued 22 November 1903 by Pope Pius X that detailed regulations for the performance of music in the Catholic Church. The title is taken from the opening phrase of the document (which was written and officially published in Italian).