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Some egg cases have a fibrous material covering the outside of the egg case, thought to aid in attachment to substrate. [1] [6] Egg cases without a fibrous outer layer can be striated, bumpy, or smooth and glossy. [1] [6] With the exception of bullhead shark eggs, egg cases are typically rectangular in shape with projections, called horns, at ...
The horn shark is preyed upon by larger fishes and the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris), which consumes adults, juveniles, and egg cases. In addition, they are captured and eaten by bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) at Catalina Island, and large marine snails are able to drill into their egg cases to extract the yolk. [6]
The zebra shark is oviparous, with females laying large egg capsules measuring 17 cm (6.7 in) long, 8 cm (3.1 in) wide, and 5 cm (2.0 in) thick. The egg case is dark brown to purple in color, and has hair-like fibers along the sides that secure it to the substrate. [3]
Egg case with yolk. The swell shark is oviparous, laying two green or amber flattened eggs at a time. [1] [3] Fertilization occurs internally. [5] The egg cases become attached to kelp or the reef with tendrils. It has been suggested that the length of the tendrils depends on the amount of surf action the region is under. [4]
The female Japanese bullhead shark has been known to deposit their eggs in one location along with other females, called a "nest". [8] The egg case of the Mexican hornshark features a tendril and more rigid flanges, suggesting that egg case design of this species primarily involves anchoring with tendrils rather than wedging into crevices. [8]
The egg case of the crested bullhead shark has distinctive, long tendrils at one end. Crested bullhead sharks are oviparous with a possibly annual reproductive cycle. Females produce 10–16 eggs per year during late winter in July and August, though Michael (1993) noted that egg-laying may continue year-round. [1]
Some species are oviparous, laying their fertilized eggs in the water. In most oviparous shark species, an egg case with the consistency of leather protects the developing embryo(s). These cases may be corkscrewed into crevices for protection. The egg case is commonly called a mermaid's purse.
The thin-walled egg cases are brown with distinctive pale transverse bands; and have a slightly furry texture and long adhesive tendrils at the corners. They are smaller than those of other shyshark species, measuring 3.5–5 cm (1.4–2.0 in) long and 1.5–3 cm (0.59–1.18 in) across.
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