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Towns and cities have a long history, although opinions vary on which ancient settlements are truly cities. The benefits of dense settlement included reduced transport costs, exchange of ideas, sharing of natural resources, large local markets, wider selection of potential mates, and in some cases amenities such as running water and sewerage .
In 2019, Beijing was the city in the world with the largest scientific output, accounting for 2.8% of the world's total. [2] New York City was second in the world, with about 2% of the world's total. Overall, the United States has the most cities in the top 100 list, followed by China.
Zelenograd (a city and an administrative district of Moscow located forty kilometres from the city centre) is the Russian center for research, education and production in the electronics area. The first town to be officially designated "naukograd" in 2000 was Obninsk , [ 1 ] a town with many nuclear and other special materials, meteorological ...
Only a handful of studies attempt a global history of cities, notably Lewis Mumford, The City in History (1961). [5] Representative comparative studies include Leonardo Benevolo, The European City (1993); Christopher R. Friedrichs, The Early Modern City, 1450-1750 (1995), and James L. McClain, John M. Merriman, and Ugawa Kaoru. eds. Edo and Paris (1994) (Edo was the old name for Tokyo).
Grid Plan: Rehman Dheri contains the earliest evidence of a grid-planned city in south Asia dated c. 3300 BCE. [15] [16] By 2600 BC, Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, and other major cities of the Indus Valley Civilisation, were built with blocks divided by a grid of straight streets, running north–south and east–west. Each block was subdivided by ...
This article lists the largest human settlements in the world (by population) over time, as estimated by historians, from 7000 BC when the largest human settlement was a proto-city in the ancient Near East with a population of about 1,000–2,000 people, to the year 2000 when the largest human settlement was Tokyo with 26 million.
The city consists of three distinct portions: the citadel, the fort and the remains of the city. The citadel, built by the Adilshahi Sultans, a mile in circuit, is of great strength, well built of the most massive materials, and encompassed by a ditch 100 yards (91 m) wide, formerly supplied with water.
The City in Texas: A History (University of Texas Press, 2015) 342 pp. Pierce, Bessie Louise. A History of Chicago from Town to Ciry 1848-1871 Vol II (1940) Pierce, Bessie Louise. A History of Chicago, Volume III: The Rise of a Modern City, 1871-1893 (1957) excerpt; Reiff, Janice L., Ann Durkin Keating and James R. Grossman, eds.