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In East Africa, the Indian Ocean trade network was pivotal in linking the African coast with the Middle East, India, and Southeast Asia. Coastal cities like Kilwa, Mombasa, and Zanzibar emerged as key points of exchange, thriving on the trade of gold, ivory, and slaves.
French-language map showing the major trans-Saharan trade routes (1862) Trans-Saharan trade is trade between sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa that requires travel across the Sahara . Though this trade began in prehistoric times , the peak of trade extended from the 8th century until the early 17th century CE.
According to Paul Berthier, the need for slave labor on Moroccan sugar plantations was a major reason for the 16th century Saadian invasion of the Songhai Empire. [56] French-language map of major historic trans-Saharan trade routes (1889) A slave market in Cairo. Drawing by David Roberts, circa 1848.
Ghana grew wealthy through the trans-Saharan trade routes linking Aoudaghost with Tahert and Sijilmasa in north Africa following the introduction of the camel to the western Sahel in the 3rd century AD. Ghana was the first to benefit from the introduction of pack animals by Wolof traders. Ghana dominated the region between the 3rd century and ...
The Great Mosque of Djenné, constructed in a Sudano-Sahelian architectural style, located in Mali. In the 7th century CE, North Africa was conquered by Muslim Arabs, providing the context in which Islam would eventually spread throughout sub-Saharan African populations—particularly those in East and West Africa—in succeeding centuries through their subsequent exposure to the Islamized ...
Debates on which countries should be included in the Middle East are wide-ranging. [52] The Greater Middle East and North Africa region can include the Caucasus, Cyprus, Afghanistan, and several sub-Saharan African states due to various social, religious and historic ties. The most commonly accepted countries in the MENA region are included on ...
The Arab world consists of 22 countries [citation needed] located in Western Asia, Northern Africa, the Maghreb, the Horn of Africa, and the Indian Ocean. It covers a combined area of 13 million km 2. It extends from Morocco in the west, southward to the Comoros, eastward to Somalia, and northward to Iraq.
[19] [20] Morocco’s contribution to global GHGs is very small (about 0.18%) and majority of GHGs come from the energy sector. [19] As of the 2023 Climate Change Performance Index, Morocco was ranked seventh in preparedness for climate change. [21] A dried body of water in Agadir. Climate change will increase the frequency of drought in Morocco.