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In jawed vertebrates, the mandible (from the Latin mandibula, ... Fracture frequency by location [24] One fifth of facial injuries involve a mandibular fracture. [25]
The facial artery's pulse can be palpated against the mandible at this location. [4] [5] Certain craniofacial syndromes, such as hemifacial microsomia, can result in asymmetry or underdevelopment of the mandible, which may affect the appearance and prominence of the antegonial notch on the affected side. [6]
The gonion is a cephalometric landmark located at the lowest, posterior, and lateral point on the angle. [1] This site is at the apex of the maximum curvature of the mandible, where the ascending ramus becomes the body of the mandible.
This is the most useful classification, because both the signs and symptoms, and also the treatment are dependent upon the location of the fracture. [6] The mandible is usually divided into the following zones for the purpose of describing the location of a fracture (see diagram): condylar, coronoid process, ramus, angle of mandible, body ...
Fractures of the mandible are common. However, coronoid process fractures are very rare. [1] Isolated fractures of the coronoid process caused by direct trauma are rare, as it is anatomically protected by the complex zygomatic arch/ temporo-zygomatic bone and their associated muscles.
The four classical muscles of mastication elevate the mandible (closing the jaw) and move it forward/backward and laterally, facilitating biting and chewing. Other muscles are responsible for opening the jaw, namely the geniohyoid, mylohyoid, and digastric muscles (the lateral pterygoid may play a role).
The condyloid process or condylar process is the process on the human and other mammalian species' mandibles that ends in a condyle, the mandibular condyle.It is thicker than the coronoid process of the mandible and consists of two portions: the condyle and the constricted portion which supports it, the neck.
The mandibular notch, also known as the sigmoid notch, is a groove in the ramus of the mandible. It is the gap between the coronoid process anteriorly and the condyloid process posteriorly. Structure