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Bleeding which occurs before 24 weeks is known as early pregnancy bleeding. Causes of bleeding before and during childbirth include cervicitis, placenta previa, placental abruption and uterine rupture. [4] [5] Causes of bleeding after childbirth include poor contraction of the uterus, retained products of conception, and bleeding disorders. [4 ...
Vaccination against COVID-19 was not associated with an increase in miscarriage or reduction in live birth. [21] Meta-analysis has not identified any pregnancy-specific safety concerns with vaccines. [22] The data overwhelming support maternal vaccination as being effective at reducing the risk for infection and severe illness. [22]
Couvelaire uterus (also known as uteroplacental apoplexy) [1] is a rare but not a life-threatening condition in which loosening of the placenta (abruptio placentae) causes bleeding that penetrates into the uterine myometrium forcing its way into the peritoneal cavity. This condition makes the uterus very tense and rigid.
Lochia serosa which persists to some weeks after birth can indicate late postpartum hemorrhaging, and should be reported to a physician. Lochia alba (or purulenta) is the name for lochia once it has turned whitish or yellowish-white. It typically lasts from the second through the third to sixth weeks after delivery.
The presence of subchorionic bleeding around the gestational sac does not have a significant association with miscarriage overall. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] However, the case of intrauterine hematoma observed before 9 weeks of gestational age has been associated with an increased risk of miscarriage. [ 10 ]
COVID-19 in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth with an odds ratio of approximately 2. [12] Hepatitis B may also be classified as a vertically transmitted infection. The hepatitis B virus is large and does not cross the placenta.
A retained placenta is a placenta that does not undergo expulsion within a normal time limit. Risks of retained placenta include hemorrhage and infection. If the placenta fails to deliver in 30 minutes in a hospital environment, manual extraction may be required if heavy ongoing bleeding occurs.