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Other motor symptoms include gait and posture disturbances such as decreased arm swing, a forward-flexed posture, and the use of small steps when walking; speech and swallowing disturbances; and other symptoms such as a mask-like facial expression or small handwriting are examples of the range of common motor problems that can appear. [1]
Truncal hypotonia and clumsy or ataxic gait are typical. [5] Behavioral and sleep problems are also common. [9] [10] Approximately 50% of patients receive a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. [8] Some patients have significant feeding issues. [11] [7] Constipation has also been reported. [12] Some patients experience strabismus. [5]
Movement disorders present with extrapyramidal symptoms and are caused by basal ganglia disease. [2] Movement disorders are conventionally divided into two major categories- hyperkinetic and hypokinetic .
Parkinsonian gait (or festinating gait, from Latin festinare [to hurry]) is the type of gait exhibited by patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). [2] It is often described by people with Parkinson's as feeling like being stuck in place, when initiating a step or turning, and can increase the risk of falling. [ 3 ]
Deformities in general and static deformities in specific (joint contractures) cause increasing gait difficulties in the form of tip-toeing gait, due to tightness of the Achilles tendon, and scissoring gait, due to tightness of the hip adductors. These gait patterns are among the most common gait abnormalities in children with cerebral palsy.
Visual symptoms including loss of vision or double vision; Speech symptoms including dysphonia (whispering speech), slurred or stuttering speech; Sensory disturbance including hemisensory syndrome (altered sensation down one side of the body) Numbness or inability to sense touch; Dizziness and balance problems; Pain (including chronic migraines)
Gait abnormality is a deviation from normal walking ().Watching a patient walk is an important part of the neurological examination. Normal gait requires that many systems, including strength, sensation and coordination, function in an integrated fashion.
Symptoms of spastic cerebral palsy vary as the disability can affect individuals differently. [2] However, they typically appear in infancy and early childhood and most children are diagnosed in the first two years of life. [7] The main indicator of spastic cerebral palsy is a delay in reaching motor milestones. [2]