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Social status is the relative level of social value a person is considered to possess. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Such social value includes respect, honor , assumed competence, and deference. [ 3 ] On one hand, social scientists view status as a "reward" for group members who treat others well and take initiative. [ 4 ]
Poverty is one of the major social determinants of health. The World Health Report (2002) states that diseases of poverty account for 45% of the disease burden in the countries with high poverty rate which are preventable or treatable with existing interventions. [2] Diseases of poverty are often co-morbid and ubiquitous with malnutrition. [3]
Different exposures and vulnerabilities to disease and injury determined by social, occupational, and physical environments and conditions, result in more or less vulnerability to poor health. [1] Social determinants of health have a huge impact on the lives of many individuals. It impacts their job likelihood, success, health, and future.
Social and economic conditions also influence how many people take vaccines. Factors such as income, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, age, and education can determine the uptake of vaccines and their impact, especially among vulnerable communities. [60] Social factors like whether one lives with others may affect vaccine uptake.
Social deprivation is the reduction or prevention of culturally normal interaction between an individual and the rest of society. This social deprivation is included in a broad network of correlated factors that contribute to social exclusion; these factors include mental illness, poverty, poor education, and low socioeconomic status, norms and values.
The quality of health and how health is distributed among economic and social status in a society can provide insight into the level of development within that society. [5] Health is a basic human right and human need, and all human rights are interconnected. Thus, health must be discussed along with all other basic human rights. [6]
Waterborne diseases are conditions (meaning adverse effects on human health, such as death, disability, illness or disorders) [1]: 47 caused by pathogenic micro-organisms that are transmitted by water. These diseases can be spread while bathing, washing, drinking water, or by eating food exposed to contaminated water. [2]
Social epidemiology focuses on the patterns in morbidity and mortality rates that emerge as a result of social characteristics. While an individual's lifestyle choices or family history may place him or her at an increased risk for developing certain illnesses, there are social inequalities in health that cannot be explained by individual factors. [1]